Saturday, August 31, 2019

Reading Strategies Essay

Identify two reading goals, one short-term and one long-term. †¢Long-term reading goal: Read on a college level. †¢Short-term reading goal: Complete two reading workshops. Write a 100- to 150-word response to each of the following questions: †¢How do you currently approach the weekly readings in the course? I currently approach the reading in the course very cautiously. When reading any of the material in or out of class, I take my time. It is important to do so because by going to quick, there is a chance of missing some of the material. By reading slowly I can assure myself that I have better chance of taking in more information. Also by removing myself from any distractions, I can concentrate harder on the things that I am reading. Preparing for my reading sessions in advance helps to optimize my chance of greater concentration on my reading materials. †¢How might you incorporate three of the suggestions covered this week into your study time? By using the four steps in active reading, I can optimize how well I concentrate during my study time. By previewing my material, I can get a visual guide to anything I may not understand before reading the material. Marking my work as I go along will help with keeping me focused and concentrating. By using correct time management and can make sure nothing interferes with my study time as well. Also by choosing the correct study location will help to block out any distractions that may affect my study time. Using all of these helpful ways well help me in enhancing all of my study time. †¢How might this plan help you accomplish your reading goals? By using what I have learned so far, I have a much greater chance on accomplishing both of my reading goals. Using the four steps of active reading, and concentrating on all of my materials; it will help with my long term goal of reading on a college level. My short term goal was to complete two reading workshops. By choosing a quite study location, I will be able to concentrate harder on my work. Turning of cell phones and not using social media web sites will help as well. If I can optimize my study time and location, I will have a much greater chance of completing my short term goal of completing two workshops.

Friday, August 30, 2019

The difference between school and life

Often times, the really tools that we provide kids with, in order to heighten their educational experience, turn out to be barriers that they must suppress foremost. American writer Tom Bodett one time said, â€Å" the difference between school and life? In school, you ‘re learning a lesson and so given a trial. In life, you ‘re given a trial that teaches you a lesson. † This is the attack we must utilize when analyzing the effeteness of computing machines of computing machines on our pupils. Modern society faces the hard undertaking of supplying the following coevals with all of the technological tools necessary to derive a comprehensive instruction, even while it struggles to get the hang the implements provided. As modern society sees a displacement into digital age, schools were non left unaffected. Get downing in the early computing machines and related engineering were topographic point into school scenes. The major statement was that computing machines would supply kids with research possibilities that extended beyond the walls of a library or schoolroom. The cause of presenting engineering into the schoolroom was spear-headed by, Massachusetts Institute of Technology mathematician, Seymour Papert. Papert sought, at first, to alter the job work outing method kids used by leting them to be to the full submerged in the experience. His thoughts warranted a trail, and led 100s of schoolrooms, across the state to have computing machines. As with all enterprises, if non implemented, supported, nurtured, and tested with the uttermost attention, it will fall far short of outlooks ; this is exactly the scenario that played out in these 100s of schoolrooms across the state. Old ages after the first personal computing machines were introduced to these oasiss of cognition, bookmans set out to mensurate the betterments that were promised. their findings were less than satisfactory. Yet it was a clear defect in their execution that led computing machines to be such a dearly-won failure. With bookmans and instructors left disgruntled ; it is of import to detect why this failure happened and how to forestall it from go oning once more. A expression into the background and inspiration for presenting such engineering to schools will supply at least, a basic hypothesis for why the computing machines failed to make its expected betterment consequences. In the 1960ss Seymour Papert was laughed at when he talked about kids being able to utilize computing machines as learning instruments and sweetening of their creativeness. So who is this adult male, Professor Seymour Papert who said that utilizing computing machines could assist kids larn and socialise more amongst each other. Born February 29, 1928 in Pretoria, South Africa, Professor Seymour Papert is an MIT mathematician, computing machine scientist, and pedagogue. He is besides considered one of the innovators of unreal intelligence, every bit good as being an discoverer of the Logo scheduling linguistic communication. Papert worked as a research worker at St. John ‘s College, Cambridge, the Henri Poincare Institute at the University of Paris, the University of Geneva and the National Physical Laboratory in London before he became a research associate at MIT in 1963 where he held this place until 1967, when he so became a professor of applied math and the manager of the MI T Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, until 1981 ; he besides served as Cecil & A ; Ida Green professor of instruction at MIT from 1974-1981. [ 1 ] In 1964 Papert was asked to fall in the module at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he helped to establish the Artificial Intelligence Lab with Marvin Minsky. He so besides developed the construct for computing machine linguistic communication, LOGO, and several new thoughts for computing machines and instruction with the aid of major grants from the National Science Foundation. The LOGO linguistic communication is adopted global and has been adapted for the usage of new engineerings in Africa, Latin America, Europe and the USA. Along with Alan Kay, Papert pioneered early thoughts in the usage of computing machines by kids that would take to the development of the first construct for a laptop computing machine. In the past few old ages Papert concentrated to a great extent on working with pedagogues in Iowa, where he has sh own how to accommodate the educational usage of robotic building for immature kids and across gender lines. He became the primary influence in converting Maine Governor Angus King to boldly set up the province of Maine as the first province in the universe to encompass the one-to-one computer science with the arrangement of laptops in all 7th and eight class schoolrooms in 2002-2003. [ 2 ] With the support of President Clinton, the â€Å" Lunch Box to Laptops † provided a great chance to put Maine and its immature citizens in the place of national leading. Some believe that it is an indispensable constituent of Maine ‘s ongoing attempts to construct on a hi-tech economic system whilst others argued that the benefits of increased technological influence will non merely make kids but besides their parents. In the early 1990 ‘s President Bill Clinton had proposed a $ 2 billion plan to assist increase the entree to computing machines and the Internet in low-income vicinities and schools.2 With that being said, the President ‘s Panel on Educational engineering had argued that the federal authorities should pass at least between $ 6 billion and $ 28 billion each twelvemonth on an ambitious plan of computing machine substructure development ( for both hardware and package ) , teacher preparation, and research.5 A research was performed on pupils who used the computing machines in the schoolroom one time a hebdomad and were so given a trial by the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP ) to find if the usage of computing machines in the schoolroom had both a positive and direct accomplishment on faculty members. Now the analysis provided that the pupils did non accomplish a higher mark on the NAEP reading trial versus those pupils who did non utilize the computing mac hines in schoolrooms at all. Now one major consideration was that instructors were non decently trained nor prepared to utilize the computing machines, since those pupils of instructors who are non adequately trained to utilize them in reading direction may non execute every bit good on the NAEP reading trial as pupils whose instructors are adequately trained. Now such disbursement would assist to supplement the $ 1.25 billion in federal money that was already spent between two financial old ages ( FY ) 1997 and FY 2000 on the engineering Literacy Challenge Fund,6 which helps to supply support for new computing machines, package, and teacher preparation. Although it seemed that politicians were speedy to name for the authorities subsidies to increase the figure of computing machines in schoolrooms, there was old research on the effectivity of computing machines in bettering a kid ‘s academic accomplishment which resulted to be inconclusive at best.7 In other words, it was non clear that passing more and more revenue enhancement dollars on computing machines would hike trial tonss. The usage of computing machines in schoolrooms may non play a large adequate function in explicating reading ability. Therefore, giving big sums of federal revenue enhancement dollars to the purchases of computing machine hardware, package plans, and infinite hours of preparation for instructors, it could herd out other worthwhile educational outgos, for illustration, new text editions, the humanistic disciplines and music plans, and vocational instruction. There have been no studies that do non propose that there is no topographic point for computing machines in the schoolrooms. It does, nevertheless, demonstrate that computing machines may non hold the consequence on academic accomplishment in reading that some might anticipate, even when they are used by well-trained teachers. So was n't Papert ‘s nonsubjective carried out to the fullest? Why was the proving non relevant to computing machine? It is non surprising that people are rooted in a school ‘s construct of how learning should take topographic point resist such restructuring. What is surprising though is the logical deformation they resort to in order to carry themselves, every bit good as others, that there are more powerful nonsubjective grounds that make the transmutation about impossible. There are three major issues that were brought by, surprisingly by the schools themselves. What was stated was that the computing machine was intensive and far excessively dearly-won to give every kid in a schoolroom, when in world schools place computing machines on a little based budget, for illustration authorship utensils. In world the existent cost of buying computing machines for each kid would be between $ 200 and $ 500 and they would transcend their estimated life-time of five old ages. Secon d, it was stated that instructors would non be capable of supplying the proper cognition when it is needed to the pupils. Now if you allow pupils, of all ages, to work together so it would demo them a beginning of cognition in which if free networked computing machines fundamentally provide limitless beginnings of cognition. Last, it was said that this sort of â€Å" work † is contrary to the credence that leting computing machine usage in school would be balked at by both instructors and parents. This is merely an premise that it would be imposed on everyone else the â€Å" right manner † and it continue to be a job unless one chooses to accept this new alteration. Papert ‘s aim is merely ill-conceived and certain groups of people feel it is a waste of clip and money when it should n't be looked that manner. The computing machines that will be the polar force for alteration, will be of those outside the control of schools and outside the schools ‘ inclinat ion as to change over new thoughts into old ways. We are already hearing narratives about the influence in schoolrooms of kids whose entree to at-home computing machines and to a place acquisition civilization has given them a high degree of non merely computing machine expertness but besides of seeking cognition and criterions in what constitutes a serious rational undertaking. The figure of these kids are expected and will turn exponentially in the following few old ages. A countrywide study of instructors in classs 4 through 12 who are experienced and accomplished at incorporating computing machines into their instruction. Of 1200 instructors who were sent the 16-page questionnaire, merely 608 returned the completed studies. Now the intent of analyzing these instructors was to seek and detect the ways in which they can utilize computing machines in their schoolrooms, and how they believe their instruction has changed as a consequence of the usage of computing machines, and the sorts of barriers and inducements that are of import to them. Major findings show that these instructors: ( 1 ) are comfy with computing machine engineering, give their ain clip to larn how to utilize computing machines, and have local support for utilizing them ; ( 2 ) work in schools averaging more than twice the figure of computing machines than other schools ; ( 3 ) usage computing machines for many intents including showing an thought, direction, word processing, and advan cing student-generated merchandises ; and ( 4 ) expect more from their pupils, are able to show more complex stuffs to their pupils, and foster more independency in the schoolroom. You can merely reason that similar achievements on a wider graduated table can be achieved if ample engineering, support, and clip for instructors to larn and be trained in the engineering is provided to them, and if an academic and cultural construction exists to promote instructors to take an experimental attack to their work. Harmonizing to the federal No Child Left Behind Act, pupils should be engineering literate by the clip they complete 8th class. However non every kid has equal entree to engineering. Often, schools in flush vicinities offer pupils a richer and better engineering experience than schools in poorer territories. Furthermore, there is a engineering spread that does be and some say it merely continues to turn, chiefly between America ‘s center and lower categories. Many perceivers and research workers believe that engineering can assist better larning but merely if it is right deployed and exhaustively understood. â€Å" Technology in schoolrooms has to be distinguished from engineering in schools, † said Howie Schaffer, public outreach manager at the Public Education Network, an organisation working to reform public schools in low-income communities. For Papert ‘s aim to go effectual, engineering in schools must travel beyond holding a computing machine lab that pupils merely visit a few times hebdomadally for 20 or 30 proceedingss. A successful, technology-rich school must incorporate engineering into their course of study, and instructors should be trained to utilize the engineering to maximise its possible. In 2004 the mean American public school instructor merely had a lurid sum of eight hours of development on things that were determined classified engineering. In order for engineering to do any difference in the schoolrooms, is if the computing machines equipment is working decently, the instructors are good trained and it is integrated into the schools or instructors curriculum. Computer engineering is used in math, scientific discipline, the humanistic disciplines and in natural philosophies. The construct is non lost on federal functionaries. Tim Magner, deputy manager for the Office of Educational Technology at the U.S. Department of Education, understands that a good designed engineering program can better academic public presentation. The impact of engineering in the schoolroom depends to a great extent on its execution, he said. â€Å" Technology, when thoughtfully applied in the context of an overall instructional plan, can hold some pretty important effects. † Now Microsoft Technologies has agreed to assist develop instructors at schools that are willing and ready to accept the usage of computing machines in the schoolroom course of study, which is a large success even though some may see it as a immense hazard but that is non the instance. Equally good as assisting pedagogues improve their cognition of engineering and their method of fixing pupils, engineering can prosecute kids in the course of study when they may otherwise be disinterested.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Book Review On Life Along The Silk Road History Essay

Book Review On Life Along The Silk Road History Essay The book that I had been given for review is† LIFE ALONG THE SILK ROAD†. The book offers a glimpse into the character and characters of the Eastern Silk road between AD 750 and 1000. The author of the book Susan Whitfield is the director of the British Library sponsored Dunhuang project, which makes a remarkable collection of Ancient Silk Road manuscripts including those acquired by legendary explorer Sir Auel Stein, available on the internet. Her knowledge of this treasure trove of primary material shows throughout the book. She has written extensively about china and therefore is in a good position to give an account of the all the details regarding the network of roads and paths crossing central Asia and concentrates on the 8th to 10th centuries A.D. The author has an extensive research on the Mongolian Empire and middle kingdom. She has travelled to central Asia several times and has written this novel as reflection of the stories of the Silk Road. She has dedicated the book to prof.Edward Schafer whom she credits for literary excavation of this historic trade route. This book Life along the Silk Road gives a rich account of the varied history of the Silk Road. It is a good read for people with special interest in history. The book recounts the stories, the lives of ten individuals who lived along the Silk Road in different era. The tale of ten different individuals a merchant, a soldier, a horseman, a monk, a nun among others, all form a different walk of life. The author has tried to reconstruct the history of the route through the personal experiences of these characters. The region covered in the book corresponds to modern day eastern Uzbekistan, western China, Mongolia, south to the Himalayas and including Tibet. Today that region is largely occupied by Turkic peoples, mainly the Uighur, as well as Chinese colonists and is more Islamic than not. In the time period covered by the book it was more Indo-European in character, mainly Buddhist, and a great deal more cosmopolitan, with many towns and cities home to Turks, Indians, Chinese, Tibetans, and Mongolians as well as followers of Manicheism, Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and shamanism. Many Silk Road towns, once some of the most populous cities in the world, now have largely been reclaimed by the desert sands due to a decline in population and a drop in the water table, a land now rich in archaeology but vulnerable to thieves looking for artifacts to sell on the black market. The major source of information for this book and indeed much of the scholarship done on this region and era comes from the over forty thousand documents uncovered in a Buddhist cave complex outside Dunhuang, now in Gansu province, China. Sealed up in the eleventh century, it was uncovered by accident in 1900. Though many of these precious scrolls, paintings, and sculptures have been lost since then for various reasons (and others tainted by the existence of forgeries ), more than enough remained; the importance of the Dunhuang documents cannot be overstated. A whole field of study, Dunhuangology, grew up around the study of the documents. Not only were there many Buddhist texts, but as paper was rare and often recycled (and once Buddhist scripture was written on paper it was considered nearly blasphemous to destroy at that point), many non-Buddhist writings were preserved, unique in providing glimpses into the lives of everyday people.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Germany and the Germans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Germany and the Germans - Essay Example This sense of commonality of the people fit the objectives for Hitler and the Third Reich. In speeches, they appealed to the betterment and welfare of the people seeking to bring back Volkish culture. Germans wanted a clearly defined distinction between Germans and the other peoples of Europe. This discussion analyzes the influence of nationalist thought in the shaping of Nazi policies beginning with a historical definition of the term ‘Volk’ and the reasons for its integration into German society of the 1800’s. It will also address how the Nazi party utilized these precepts as an idealistic tool, why they established these concepts and how effective this tactic was in congregating the people. The ideas intended to unify a nation advanced by nationalist philosophies evolved for over a century into a national impression of superiority. The Third Reich did not expose the German people to beliefs to which they were not originally pre-disposed. The regime had to be su pported by the German people for it to have experienced the heights of popularity that it achieved during the 1930’s and this support came from a nationalistic narcissism. Nazi ideology was not an overnight event. It had evolved for over a century with a beginning in Volkish beliefs. ... This draw to unify inspired a considerable interest in the German people’s common culture, myths, legends and folksongs. â€Å"This idea found many adherents, reacting to both the Napoleonic conquest of Germany from 1806 to 1811 and the rationalism and scientific advances of the English and the French later in the century† (Iggers 1988). Though still not politically united, Germans were learning to take pride in their cultural accomplishments. There was, unfortunately, a dark aspect to unification. The tendency for cultural nationalism produced cultural superiority and intolerance, which, when combined with racism, was a powerful political force of nineteenth-century Europe. Volkish writers, in-step with the people of the mid to late 1800’s Germany were becoming increasingly intolerant of cultures other than their own. In the mid-1800’s, the term ‘semitic’ became widely adopted by as a result of German philologist Wilhelm Marr’s foundat ion of the Anti-Semitic League. In 1879, he determined the Hebrew language was ‘semitic’ and not Indo-European (Wegner 2002 p. 2) â€Å"The mysticalized, Volkish linguistic foundation for the Aryan myth was a popular concept in the mid-1800s that both Friedrich and August Wilhelm Schlegel, among others, had argued vociferously for, to overflowing university classrooms and in their voluminous writings† (Wegner 2002 pp. 8-9). This linguistic difference provided a means for those of nationalist thought to further identify themselves as different from and superior to anyone of Jewish descent well before the Nazis came to power. It was widely held that the true German spirit was rooted in nature. The people perceived the rural culture

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

How math is used in firefighting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How math is used in firefighting - Research Paper Example According to the website XP Math, there are at least 20 Math topics that fire fighters need to know. Some of these fall under the realms of Basic Math/Algebra, First Year Algebra (which includes the use of formula), Geometry and Computer (T.L. Hui). Algebra is used in fire fighting hydraulics specifically in calculating the flow rates and capacities (WikiAnswers.com). There are fire fighting terms such as total engine pressure and nozzle pressure. â€Å"Total Engine Pressure is the amount of pressure (psi) that the fire pump (on the truck) is sending through the hose line. The engineer calculates the total engine pressure to adjust for changes in elevation pressure so that the nozzle can receive the correct amount of water pressure (in psi)† (San Bernardino Professional Fire Fighters). There is also the concept of nozzle pressure. It stands for â€Å"the amount of pressure that the nozzle requires to deliver the proper amount of water to the fire† (San Bernardino Professional Fire Fighters). To calculate the accuracy of this, mathematicians have created the nozzle pressure formula, given as: Where n – nozzle pressure in psi, t – total engine pressure and h – change in elevation. This formula â€Å"can be used to find out what the nozzle pressure is for a given height with a specific total engine pressure† (San Bernardino Professional Fire Fighters). There are other applications of math in fire fighting. Math is being used in perimeter, fractions, ratios, percentage and area of burns. The perimeter of burn is â€Å"the distance around the fire or along the hand line† and it is â€Å"determined by adding the lengths of the various lines that enclose the black area of a fire† (SEM and Missoula Fire Science Lab). There are also hydraulic concepts regarding the use of water in wildland firefighting. â€Å"These include determining

Monday, August 26, 2019

Main Cross-Cultural Issues in Managing the Organization Essay - 1

Main Cross-Cultural Issues in Managing the Organization Internationally - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Indian management in several organizations give less focus on team-based evaluation they focus on individual targets because they are more concerned to evaluate each worker’s quality work. The retail market in India is projected US$ 26 Billion in 2011 and is expected to grow to US$ 84 Billion by 2016. According to the US commercial services, Indian per capita expenditure on cosmetics is Rs, 30 and the cosmetic industry are growing at the rate of 15% every year. These facts and figures support the product category because the industry is growing, and holds the chance for active cosmetics to step in. Multinationals and local companies are giving much emphasis to workforce management practices. Multinational companies outsource its distribution to the third party. For example, P&G outsource its distribution to Agility logistics. Departmental stores will welcome us like Star India Bazar, Big Bazaar, Max hypermarket, Vishal mega mart, easy day, city mart, which shows that we have a possible chance to excel in the Indian cosmetic market segment. The Indian government supports to the foreign brand (whether imported or locally manufactured) in India is freely allowed and just have to pay up to 2% on export and 1% on domestic sale. India is a large diversified country and to become successful in this market we need to obtain comprehensive localized information. Due to a large market, we will require multiple distributors to cover the whole market. In India, DAC, 1940 (Drug and Cosmetic Act) is followed for the import, sales, manufacturing, and distribution of cosmetics.

Feilds write up Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Feilds write up - Case Study Example Fields’. The size of the company was enormous. Their preparations’ styling was different of baking from frozen dough the croissants, bread, hot soups and sandwiches, which was taken as an extended business from Mrs. Fields’ cookies. Naturally the company wanted to get the leverage of its MIS system, which was not updated to absorb the different administrative functionaries of LPB, as it was customized to absorb the administration work of the famous Chocolate Chip Company in the MIS system of Mrs. Fields’ Cookies. It was taken for granted that without changing the design of the MIS system to accommodate the overhead functions related to accounting, finance personal, human resource, training, and development of the acquired company, Mrs. Fields’ Cookies would be able to leverage from the current MIS system successfully. Assuming and finding myself in the position of an LPB store manager, I should be a puzzled lot. The mechanism that I was accustomed to work in was suddenly snatched just like a sheet from under one’s feet. Finding none of the reported to staff at the senior level could be detrimental to the organization’s financial health and affect performance in all departments. As stated by Randy, the organization structure of LPB was traditional in comparison to robust IT applications employed by the IT department to organically control the empire of cookies stores expanded worldwide. Before removing the 50 overheads of the acquired company, whose store manager I am supposed to be, it would be like crippling the whole structure of the newly acquired company without replacing or changing the system wide practices. At least some technical training was needed to be imparted to the staff to become accustomed to the work processes of organization sub structures under mechanistic and org anic structure heads. Store managers under Mrs. Fields’ Cookies organization structure were

Sunday, August 25, 2019

The Structure of Police Department Research Paper

The Structure of Police Department - Research Paper Example Police structure that follow ranking motive officers to work especially when there are promotion opportunities (Das, D 2012 Introduction The body empowered by the state to ensure property protection, law enforcement and reduce civic disorder is the police. Police force is also known either of the following names police department, crime prevention, law enforcement agency, gendarmerie and constabulary. Police is an crucial part in part in ensuring law enforcement. The body is empowered by the state to ensure property protection, law enforcement and reduce civic disorder is the police. Although Police departments have a formal structure, they apply an informal decision making way. These formal police departments which are used as formal law enforcement agencies corresponds military systems know as military model of policing. They are several types of structures used in formulating police departments; vertical, horizontal, team and matrix structures (Samaha, 2005). Vertical structure is the most commonly used in police structure. These departments are strictly formed using tenets of classical systems. In this structure, specialized divisions work independently and form other divisions. Command and control runs through the divisions’ chains of command and communications in general follow this command chains. Departments that are organized vertically are less flexible and tend to innovate in minimal degree (Gaines et al, 2011). The second structure matrix is one that separate procedures and operations are geographically decentralized. It is mostly used by large departments, those with various patrol districts where detectives report to as opposed to going to the central detective commander. It is often used in highway patrol and state agencies. Furthermore, it is usually driven by workload and geographical area. However, it a costly type of structure as compared to the rest. Consequently, use of matrix type of units and organization allows for flexibility in the police departments. It has a significant contribution to solving problems as it allows police departments to gather a mixture of resource to tackle a problem. It is advisable for police executives to consider matrix structure when faced with problems. Giving problems purely to one unit often limit the range of alternatives solutions and option that can be deployed. (Gaines et al, 2011). However, sometimes matrix structure is difficult to coordinate as the outcome involves mixed units or agencies. Third, there is horizontal structure, in this structure actions are formed around core processes and vertical hierarchy and boundaries of departments are eliminated. Usually appropriate in large police agencies for instance where several districts are organized in a department, and a commander is in control (Daft, 2008). In this, each district operates as a mini police department. More authority in this structure is delegated to commanders of districts while vertical level is reduced. M oreover, horizontal structure reduces bureaucratically and hierarchy difficulties procedures that are associated with increased rank levels. Lastly, team structure uses temporary and permanent team to deliver services and figure out problems. The best illustration of team structure is the way in which community policing is carried out in many jurisdictions. Team structure is significant as it focuses on group level activities and not the structure of command.

Saturday, August 24, 2019

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 55

History - Essay Example Spaniards feared much and realization dawned on them that the time was not far off, when they would be thrown out. Nevertheless, they continued their vigilance in the occupied territory. Spain authorities attacked the Pueblo from two ends, economic and religious. â€Å"Spanish officials forced Pueblos to conform to the economically imbalanced encomienda and repartimiento systems, under which Pueblos were forced to pay tribute to the Spanish government. In addition, the Franciscans set up a series of missions among the Pueblos with the expectation that they would abandon their religious beliefs for Christianity.† (New Mexico) They were proved wrong. The Franciscans wished to retain their presence, when the economic agenda of the Spanish authorities failed to deliver the results. The religious agenda was supported with financial grants from the Government funds. The religious agenda too failed soon. When the Spanish Pueblo individuals were persecuted on religious grounds, it caused deep resentment. On 10th August 1680, they faced a sudden assault from the combined might of Pueblo. Even though the plot was uncovered by the Spaniards a day before the attack, Pueblos fared well and â€Å"more than four hundred† (New Mexico)Spaniard settlers were annihilated; besides, â€Å"twenty-one Franciscans†(New Mexico) were murdered. Many Pueblos also died in the operation. To sum up some of the factors that could be listed for the revolt, were draught, intertribal warfare, famine and the highhandedness of the authorities and above all the commitment of the Pueblos to their native religious belief

Friday, August 23, 2019

Six Sigma Team Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Six Sigma Team Dynamics - Essay Example The idea is to improve the quality of manufacturing in the companys operations system using the Six Sigma concept. The paper will use the Six Sigma theory to link the quality control department, engineering department and production team to cut down on defects, reduce inefficiencies and improve results. To this end, the researcher will use the principles of Lean Six Sigma to propose how to develop and design operations and team activities as well as team strategy in the quest for zero defects. The paper will explain how DMAIC and some statistical tools can be used to improve the system brainstorming and communication can be carried out to attain the best results or the company in the case. â€Å"Six Sigma identifies defects and errors in production system, which affects manufacturing and business processes and improves quality of the processing systems in order to improve outputs† (Nash et al., 2008, p. 17). Six Sigma is a methodology that was used by Motorola and is still applicable to the operations systems of most businesses. It is a quest for continuous evaluation of output against some stated metrics in order to ensure that the system is improved on a regular basis to meet the demands and expectations of stakeholders. A defect is defined as anything that affects the production process in a way that customer expectation is not met (Smith, 2010). Thus, Six Sigma enables businesses to come up with better ways of aligning consumer needs and expectations with the operation system so that they improve to meet changing demands and trends and also identify product defects and check them. In the wider sense, Six Sigma has impacts on different aspects of the business. Forrest et al. (2001) identify two main components of the Six Sigma system. First of all, the Six Sigma model enables a business to identify metrics. These metrics define defects, business

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Developing an English Language Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Developing an English Language Curriculum Essay The problem at hand involves developing a curriculum for English language that is suited for all people, coming from all over the country; even those without the basic knowledge of the language. The problem entails finding out the basis of developing such a curriculum, analyzing the content and coverage of such a curriculum, testing the suitability of it to the users, outlining a sample curriculum and finding out the possible outcome of such a curriculum. The problem will also discuss the likelihood of making compromises, possible compromises, the groups affected and how to counteract the effects of such compromises. Theoretical Background and Analysis Curriculum development for languages has for a good length of time been based on; developing language responsiveness, developing confidence and competence in the use of English language, trying to instil into the learners the cognitive capability, training learners to develop language imaginative and emotional skills via oral, reading and writing skills. In trying to develop any teaching curriculum, one can focus on the above as guideline. Traditionally, the curriculum activities have been determined by use of a particular set of goals needed to be achieved. Hence one would sit down and analyze the particular things he wanted to achieve then go ahead and develop a systematic way to end up with the desired results. Failure to achieve these results would be followed by corrective measures to the curriculum. However, further developments to this has led to another way of developing a curriculum based on the path or route used to achieving desired results other than the one based on developing a curriculum on goal basis. A curriculum can be developed on the basis of tasks (Nunan, 1998). One approach focuses on analyzing the psycholinguistics involved in the acquisition of a second language and activation of such in a classroom. The other approach basically focuses on the purpose the learners need the language for. Nunan and Lockwood (1991) have come up with a model to implement the latter approach. This involves allowing learners develop the skills of the language, offer a chance to analyze and listen on how sample tasks are solved, giving a grammatically instructed guidance for performance of various tasks, and stimulating them to develop skills that are emerging in them via rehearsal. We must however put into consideration the problem at hand; that the students will be expected to learn a second language, in this case English. Much as they will try to be given the above guidelines we can also be guided by a model suited for them. Two models can be focused as a basis for this: (a) The rehearsal rationale path which focuses on what they will be intending to do with the language they are learning. (b) Psycholinguistic model which answers the question on the required mechanisms to acquire a second language. I do therefore propose that such a curriculum would entail courses that will make the learners be assimilated into a culture of having a positive response to using the English language as pertaining communication on a daily basis, training them how to communicate, write, think critically and solve problems using the language. Basically, since the language entails being able to read, write (which would demand knowledge on the grammar, use the language mechanics, penmanship and spelling), to listen and speak all these would be part and passel of the curriculum. Arising Effects and Addressing the Problem It is hard to develop a compromise curriculum for everyone. While some would view such changes as only a waste of time and derailing their time in school since they know the basics, the learners would find an opportunity to assimilate what is necessary to give them an easier time in school. A compromise must however reduce the likelihood of going into what the newcomers can found out for themselves. Since they already have come to study various courses in the institution, it can be assumed as well that most of them will be aware of the challenges involved. Instead of say establishing a separate academic year to go through the curriculum, the curriculum can be made to fit into their program as they go through other courses of their study. One can therefore fit in two courses of studying English in their first year of study. The first course, for example can contain courses for the students to learn communication, writing and reading skills, while in the subsequent term, the second course can entail courses challenging students to thinking critically, analytical skills, interpretation skills, and using the language to formulate ideas. It must be considered that students will have to be exposed to acquiring a second language by presenting one which is a bit more complex that which they have and they will gain maximally. This was a belief in input hypothesis by Krashen (1981, 1982) which has acted on for many researches. The next step would entail finding out what majority of the learners will be, their background languages and how the curriculum can be suited to favour them. A research will need to be conducted to establish what the current situation is on the ground, necessity of having such a curriculum, its implications to the students already in the institution and how they think they can be helped. It would be of little need to establish a curriculum that only duplicates work and overloads the students. In deed, this can be solved by carrying out an extensive research on the need for it, even before it is designed. Once there is enough evidence that such a curriculum is of necessity, one can go ahead and design it. It would be better to incorporate the views of the intended beneficiaries to this project. The curriculum should be geared towards making sure that the students also benefit in usage of the language in other disciplines other than English itself. Therefore, a good connectivity between English language skills should be ensured by the curriculum being implemented. Implementation and Review Once the program has been implemented, there is need to keep on acquiring the feed back from the beneficiaries pertaining various courses, their benefits and what they think can be done to improve on the arising difficulties, analyzing the elements of the feed back and carrying out the corrective measures as pertaining course improvement. Conclusion In the above analysis, I have provided a basis model which can be used in developing an English language curriculum, and sort to solve problems related to its introduction in any learning environment. The implementation and review section seeks to give an outline how one can put into action such a curriculum and review it. Remember that a good curriculum is the one that accomplishes its intended purpose satisfactorily. It does not mean that it is free from difficulties, but these must be dealt with. Reference NCCA (2008): Curriculum Online. Retrieved from, http://82. 195. 132. 34/index. asp?locID=399docID=-1, on September 10, 2008 Krashen, S. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Nunan D. (1998). Communicative Tasks and the Language Curriculum. Macquarie University Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois. Retrieved from http://www. iei. uiuc. edu/TESOLOnline/texts/nunan/index. html on September 10, 2008. Nunan, D. , Lockwood, J. (1991). The Australian English course: Task based English for post-beginners. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson Essay Example for Free

Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson Essay Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson are two of psychologys developmental forerunners, each one having his own theory behind personality and the elements of advancing through the stages of life. Erikson’s theories came after Freuds and build on Freuds original work. Both of these psychologists have some common similarities and some differences as well in life, their careers and how we use their work and theories still. Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg. Austria on May 6, 1856. When he was four his family moved to Vienna, where he would live and work for most of the remainder of his life. He received his medical degree in 1881 and married the following year. He had six children—the youngest of whom, Anna, was to herself become a distinguished psychoanalyst. After graduation, Freud set up a private practice and began treating various psychological disorders. Considering himself first and foremost a scientist, rather than a doctor, he strived to understand the journey of human knowledge and experience. Early in his career, Freud was greatly influenced by the work of his Viennese colleague, Josef Breuer, who had discovered that when he encouraged a hysterical patient to talk openly about the earliest events of the symptoms, the symptoms sometimes gradually decreased. Inspired by Breuer, Freud proposed that neuroses had their roots in deeply traumatic experiences that had transpired in the patients past. He believed that the original occurrences had been forgotten and hidden from consciousness. His treatment was to empower his patients to recall the experience and bring it to consciousness, and in doing so, confront it. He believed one could then release it and rid oneself of the neurotic symptoms. Freud and Breuer published their theories and findings in Studies in Hysteria (1895) In January 1933, the Nazis took control of Germany, and Freuds books were prominent among those they burned and destroyed. Freud quipped: What progress we are making. In the Middle Ages they would have burned me. Now, they are content with burning my books. Freud continued to maintain his optimistic underestimation of the growing Nazi threat and remained determined to stay in Vienna, even following the Anschluss of 13 March 1938 in which Nazi Germany annexed Austria, and the outbursts of violent anti-Semitism that ensued. Ernest Jones, the then president of the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), flew into Vienna from London via Prague on 15 March determined to get Freud to change his mind and seek exile in Britain. This prospect and the shock of the detention and interrogation of Anna Freud by the Gestapo finally convinced Freud it was time to leave Austria. 3 Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany. His mother and father had separated before his birth, but it was kept a secret from him that he was his mothers child from an extramarital union. His mother raised Erik by herself before marrying a physician, Dr. Theodor Homberger. The fact that Homberger was not his biological father was kept secret from him for many years. When he finally did learn the truth, he was left with a feeling of confusion about who he really was. This experience helped spark his interest in the formation of identity and was further developed based upon his experiences in school. Like Freud, Erikson was raised in Jewish religion. At his temple school, children teased him for being Nordic because he was tall, blonde, and blue-eyed. In grammar school, he was excluded because of his Jewish background. These experiences helped fuel his interest in identity formation and continued to influence his work throughout his life. Erikson was a student and teacher of arts, and while teaching at a private school in Vienna, he became acquainted with Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud. Erikson underwent psychoanalysis, and after the experience he decide to become an analyst himself. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and also studied the Montessori Method of education, which focused on child development and sexual stages. In 1933, the Nazis came to power in Germany, and like Freud, Erikson and his wife Joan were forced to immigrate, first to Denmark and then to the United States, where he became the first child psychoanalyst in Boston. Psychoanalysis was created by Sigmund Freud (1916-1917). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts, thus gaining â€Å"insight†. The goal of psychoanalysis therapy is to let go of repressed emotions and experiences. Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. In his book The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, Freud explained how these unconscious thoughts and impulses are expressed, often through slips of the tongue (known as Freudian slips) and dreams. The psychoanalytic theory suggested by Sigmund Freud had a tremendous impact on 20th-century thought, inspiring the mental health field as well as other areas including art, literature and popular culture. Freud developed a theory that described development in terms of a series of psychosexual stages. According to Freud, struggles that arise during each of these stages can have a lifelong influence on personality and behavior. In Freud’s theory Psychoanalytic theory suggested that personality is generally established by age of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life. If these psychosexual stages are completed positively, the result is a healthy personality. If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixation can occur. A fixation is an insistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual will remain stuck in this stage. Oral Stage During the oral stage, the infants primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. The mouth is vital for eating, and the infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking. Because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers (who are responsible for feeding the child), the infant also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation. The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning processthe child must become less dependent upon caretakers. If fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking, or nail biting. Anal Stage The anal stage is directly related to a child’s awareness of bowel control and gaining pleasure through the act of eliminating or retaining feces. Freud’s theory puts the anal stage between 18 months and three years. It is believed that when a child becomes fixated on receiving pleasure through controlling and eliminating feces, a child can become obsessed with control, perfection, and cleanliness. This is often referred to as anal retentive, while anal expulsive is the opposite. Those who are anal expulsive may be extremely disorganized, live in chaos, and are known for making messes. Phallic Stage Freud believes the phallic stage or the Oedipus or Electra complexes occurs during a child is three to six years of age. The belief is that male children harbor unconscious, sexual attraction to their mothers, while female children develop a sexual attraction to their father. Freud taught that young boys also deal with feelings of rivalry with their father. These feelings naturally resolve once the child begins to identify with their same sex parent. By identifying with the same sex parent, the child continues with normal, healthy sexual development. If a child becomes fixated during this phase, the result could be sexual deviance or a confused sexual identity. Latency Stage The latency stage is named so because Freud believed there werent many overt forms of sexual gratification displayed. This stage is said to last from the age of six until a child enters puberty. Most children throughout this age form same sex friendships and play in a manner that is non-sexual. Unconscious sexual desires and thoughts remain repressed. Genital Stage Freud believed that after the unconscious, sexual desires are repressed and remain dormant during the latency stage, they are awakened due to puberty. This stage begins at puberty and develops with the physiology changes brought on through hormones. The prior stages of development result in a focus on the genitals as a source for pleasure and teens develop and explore attractions to the opposite sex. The genital stage is the last stage of the psychosexual development theory. 4 Those inspired and influenced by Freud went on to expand upon Freuds ideas and develop theories of their own. Erik Eriksons ideas have become perhaps the best known. Eriksons eight-stage theory of psychosocial development describes growth and change throughout the lifespan, focusing on social interaction and conflicts that arise during different stages of development. Psychosocial Stage 1-Trust vs. Mistrust The first stage of Eriksons theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the childs caregivers. If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. Of course, no child is going to develop a sense of 100 percent trust or 100 percent doubt. Erikson believed that successful development was all about striking a balance between the two opposing sides. When this happens, children acquire hope, which Erikson described as an openness to experience tempered by some wariness that danger may be present. Psychosocial Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt The second stage of Eriksons theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control. Like Freud, Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. However, Eriksons reasoning was quite different than that of Freuds. Erikson believe that learning to control ones bodily functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence. Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. Erikson believed that achieving a balance between autonomy and shame and doubt would lead to will, which is the belief that children can act with intention, within reason and limits. Psychosocial stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt During the preschool years, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions. Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative. When an ideal balance of individual initiative and a willingness to work with others is achieved, the ego quality known as purpose emerges. Psychosocial Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority This stage covers the early school years from approximately age 5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to be successful. Successfully finding a balance at this stage of psychosocial development leads to the strength known as competence or a belief our own abilities to handle the tasks set before us. Psychosocial Stage 5 Identity vs. Confusion During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. Completing this stage successfully leads to fidelity, which Erikson described as an ability to live by societys standards and expectations. Psychosocial Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships. Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Those who are successful at this step will form relationships that are committed and secure. Remember that each step builds on skills learned in previous steps. Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important for developing intimate relationships. Studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression. Successful resolution of this stage results in the virtue known as love. It is marked by the ability to form lasting, meaningful relationships with other people. Psychosocial Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family. Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world. Care is the virtue achieved when this stage is handled successfully. Being proud of your accomplishments, watching your children grow into adults, and developing a sense of unity with your life partner are important accomplishments of this stage. Psychosocial Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair This phase occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life. Those who are unsuccessful during this stage will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. 5 Although there are many similarities between Freud and Erikson’s theory’s, there are many differences. In the first stage both believe that a child develops their sense of trust at this stage of development. Second stage both believe that a sense of independence is learned at this stage of development, and that toilet training is an important focus of this independence. Parental attitudes at this time can also have a lasting effect. Third stage, Freud believed this stage was where a child identifies with the same-sex parent and develops self-esteem. Erikson felt that this was the stage where a child begins to exert power and control over their environment. That is where you will start to see more differences in the two theories. Fourth stage, occurs at ages seven through 11. Freud believes that this is an intermediary stage of development where the child forms interactions with their environment. Erikson refers to it as industry versus inferiority. He believes that children begin to demonstrate their ability to succeed. Fifth stage, according to Freud, this is the final stage, and it continues throughout a persons life. He calls it the genital stage. Freud believes that a person learns to channel their biological instincts into socially-acceptable displays of love and career goals. Erikson called this stage identity versus role confusion. He believed it was a period where the focus of development shifts to social bonding in order to establish meaning in ones life and assert individuality. Erikson continues with three more stages which occur throughout adulthood.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Software Architecture Design Approach

Software Architecture Design Approach Rizwan Umaid Ali 1 Generate and Test as a Software Architecture Design Approach 1.1 About the Writer Len Bass from the Software Engineering Institute, CMU. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009. 1.2 Introduction Software Architecture design has become a fundamental component of software development life cycle. As other components of life cycle testing the design of the architecture is important and relates directly to overall quality of the Software Application. 1.3 Problem To make a Software Architecture a design decision process that can test the design hypothesis, test quality of it and identify issues and rank them on the basis of priority. The process will develop test case on each step of design process. This will result a sequential process in which each design will be developed and tested and thus improving the overall design quality of software system. 1.4 Design Hypothesis Most designs are created in the context of an existing system, even it is created from scratch and not being modified. Consider this our initial hypothesis can come from following sources: The system we will modify or the new functionality we will add. A functionally similar system. A framework designed to provide services which will help in design process. A collection of legacy/open-source applications. 1.5 Establish Test Cases After we have our initial hypothesis we have to determine how to identify if design satisfies the quality benchmark expected from the application. For this we have to establish test cases and identify three sources for it. Identify perspectives which can be used to generate test cases. Identify architecturally significant requirements. View specific use cases. A number of use cases can be derived by thinking about specific architectural views. 1.6 Test Procedure Having the test cases of design hypothesis, following methods can be used to test the design and detect its shortcomings. Analytic models using quality attributes. Develop simulations of how design will support the test cases. Create prototype of initial design. Needs more effort but gives best result. 1.7 Test Result and Next Hypothesis The test result will either show that the design hypothesis passes all tests and fulfills the quality requirement or there are shortcomings. The quality attributes these shortcomings relate to should be identified first. We can use two approaches to alter the design. Apply architectural patterns to problems detected. Use architectural tactics to address for specific quality attributes. The updated/next hypothesis will go through the above process recursively until the design with required quality is achieved or the time allocated for the design process runs out. 1.8 Conclusion This paper presents a software architecture design process where we will test, validate and update our design until it reaches the quality benchmark. The architect of the software system can use this process to identify shortcomings and make decisions for alternative design structures. 2 SecArch: Architecture-level Evaluation and Testing for Security 2.1 About the Writer Sarah Al-Azzani and Rami Bahsoon from University of Birmingham. Published in Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA) in 2012. 2.2 Introduction Software architecture models or views are evaluated for detecting problems early in the software development lifecycle. We can detect critical security vulnerabilities at this stage and get a chance to improve quality at a very low cost. This paper presents methodology for detecting security vulnerabilities caused by implied scenarios and race conditions. 2.3 Problem Incorporating multiple views of an architecture and studying the communications between them and give ways analyze security concerns in concurrent systems. This will done by comparison between complete vs incomplete system models using two methods, one for detecting implied scenarios using behaviour models, and one for detecting race conditions using scenario diagrams. 2.4 Scenario-based specifications Scenario-based specifications are based on procedural-flow through components. Each scenario explains a partial view of the concurrent system. The scenario-based model will have following three properties: the composition of scenarios from multiple component views of the software system, the possible continuations between multiple scenario and the hidden implied scenarios. 2.5 Implied Scenarios Implied scenarios can be formed my dynamically combining two different scenarios together and provide an architectural flow for them is state representation. Below is an example of behavior model which is combining two different scenarios together. It uses an incremental algorithm for detecting inconsistent implied scenarios from sequence models. Figure 1 behavior model example 2.6 Detecting Race Conditions We can apply race condition scenarios to above model and identify security vulnerabilities. Below are the 3 possible cases. Â · Race Condition 1: disabling the server during authentication. Â · Race Condition 2: what happens when the user commits to buy an item while the server is being disabled. Â · Race Condition 3: what happens when the server is disabled while the user is logging off. Below are sequence diagrams for these three race conditions. Figure 2 Race Conditions 2.7 Conclusion This paper presented an incremental architecture evaluation method that merges behavior models with structural analysis for improved detection of inconsistencies. We examined the concept of implied scenarios and detection of race conditions. The writer also compared his proposed method with current industry practices and tested the on industry projects. He found that his method can give better results. The future work will focus on generating test cases to perform live testing on the system under test. 3 Towards a Generic Architecture for Multi-Level Modeling 3.1 About the Writer Thomas Aschauer, Gerd Dauenhauer, Wolfgang Pree from University of Salzburg. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009. 3.2 Introduction Software architecture modeling frameworks are essential for representing architecture and their views and the viewpoints they are derived from. Conventional modeling approaches like UML do not have sufficient complexity to explain the models and meta-models (defining the models) of architecture. 3.3 Problem General purpose meta-models are used in the conventional modeling techniques, which are not sufficient for modern software models. Model driven architecture has to use more generic approach to describe multilevel architecture. 3.4 model-driven engineering and parameter generation Model-driven engineering (MDE) is method for managing complexities of developing large software intensive systems. The models in MDE are the main artifacts describing a system going under design process. This paper aims at developing a framework for model-driven generation of automation system configuration parameters using a testbed platform. The configuration parameters for the automation system can be generated automatically when a testbed model includes hardware and software components. Figure 3 Testbed configuration MDE 3.5 Presented Prototypical implementation The below example explain the modeling approach presented in this paper. Component is an example of the fixed meta-model elements represented as code in the environment. Different types of engines can now be either initiated using the Component, or by cloning the initial Engine and copying t to new engine. In the example, the Engine has two attributes, Inertia and MaxSpeed. In prototypical approach each element is an instance and must provide values to these attributes. Diesel and Otto represent two kinds of engines; since they are cloned from Engine, they receive copies of the attributes Inertia and MaxSpeed, as well as their values. Italics script is used to mark such copied attributes; grey text is used to express that the attribute values are kept unchanged. Figure 4 Meta-models example In Figure 4 DType represents a family of diesel engines. D1 finally is a concrete, physically existing member. 3.6 Conclusion This paper we presented applications of multi-level modeling in the domain of testbed automation systems and why conventional modeling is insufficient for our MDE requirements and how multi-level modeling can solve the representation issues. They presented an approach to represent models in much more detail with simple notations. 4 Automated reliability prediction from formal architectural descriptions 4.1 About the Writer JoËÅ" ao M. Franco, Raul Barbosa and MÂ ´ ario Zenha-Rela University of Coimbra, Portugal. Published in Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA) in 2012. 4.2 Introduction Assessment of quality attributes (i.e., non-functional requirements, such as performance, safety or reliability) of software architectures during design phase so early decisions are validated and the quality requirements are achieved. 4.3 Problem These quality requirements are most often manually checked, which is time consuming and error-prone due to the overwhelmingly complexity of designs. A new approach to assess the reliability of software architectures. It consists in extracting and validating a Markov model from the system specification written in an Architecture Description Language (ADL). 4.4 Reliability Prediction Process There are many different methods to achieve reliability prediction are known, each targeting diverse failure behaviours and different reliability assessment methods. The writer presented the below process for reliability prediction. Architecture and Module identification and their interactions. The Probability of Failure specified in terms of a percentage. Combining the architecture with the failure behaviour. Below is an example of batch sequential style state model using the Marov model. Figure 5 Markov model example Validation of the Process The validation of the process presented by the writer was done in two steps: Validity of Reliability Prediction Validity with different architectural styles. The validations were compared to previous research studies. It was found that results were similar proving that the mathematical models were accurate. 5 In Search of a Metric for Managing Architectural Technical Debt 5.1 About the Writer Robert L. Nord and Ipek Ozkaya from the Software Engineering Institute, CMU. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009. 5.2 Introduction The technical debt is trade-off between short-term and long-term value. Taking shortcuts to optimize the delivery of features in the short term incurs debt, analogous to financial debt, that must be paid off later to optimize long-term success. This paper demonstrates a architecture focused and measurement based approach to calculate technical debt by describing an application under development. 5.3 Problem Technical debt thoroughly relays on system evaluation. An organization which has to evolve its system has to make sure if future development will not increase its debt and have a lower cost. In this paper the writer develops a metric that assists in strategically managing technical debt. 5.4 Architecture Debt Analysis We will analyze technical debt on two different paths. Both paths have different priorities. Path# 1: Deliver soon. To deliver a working version of the system quickly, the plan calls for making the minimum required effort at the beginning. Path #2: Reduce rework and enable compatibility. Requires an investment in infrastructure during the first deliveries. Cost compression of both paths is illustrated in the table below. Table 1 Cost Comparison We can calculate the total cost T with a function taking implementation cost and rework cost as input. T = F( Ci, Cr) For simplicity we consider the function sums both the cost up only. We can now compare the total cost with the cumulative cost. Table 2 Cost comparison with cumulative cost 5.5 Modeling Rework In Agile software development an important challenge is to give value to long term goals then short term. The cost of taking an architectural design decision today always has a lower cost than refactoring the design in future implementations. An organization should have the following prospective towards its technical debt. Focusing on short term goals puts the organization technical jeopardy, when the debt cannot be further handled. Using shortcuts can give success on short term until the rework costs starts to come and the cost and timeline becomes unmanageable. The architectural decisions requires active follow-ups and continuous cost analysis. This is to make sure that the design decision will make an impact in future costs of development. 5.6 Conclusion From this research we conclude that the future development of well-designed application has lower cost and is less tentative. Therefore the technical debt in lower if the architecture is well defined and fulfills quality attributes requirement. 6 Research Topic: Testing Software Architectural Changes and adapting best practices to achieve highest quality in a quantifiable manner. 6.1 Introduction We have looked into testing methodologies and design process and possible technical debt on software architecture. We now look how our technical debt will be effected if due t future requirements the architecture have to be changed. 6.2 Proposed Research Problem We will first Estimating Technical debt onExistingSoftware architecture and Software system. Then using Design changes and code changes for estimating technical debt and quality attributes. The prediction is made based on comparisons with similar change bursts that occurred in the Architecture. The views of software architecture will be used. This is applicable in Agile Development. 6.3 Types of changes We can classify each type of change in architecture by analyzing the overall impact of it on the architecture and possibilities of technical debt from it. We also assign a propagation value to each type of debt so that its estimated suavity can be quantified. Small architectural change in one or some views. Low Technical Debt increase (0.10) Addition of new architecture. Architecture for new functionality added. Medium Technical Debt increase (0.30) Small changes in several views. High Technical Debt increase (0.60) Massive architectural change is several views. High Technical Debt increase (0.80) 6.4 Proposed Solution After analyzing research papers and book ‘Software Architecture in Practice’, I can give following points on how the technical debt of new architecture can be managed. Compare updated architecture and see how the updates have increased the technical debt. Apply same test cases which were used in the initial software architecture. See how quality attributes are increased or decreased after the update. 6.5 Reduction of Technical Debt To reduce the technical debt after architectural changes following strategies can be adopted. 6.5.1 Refactoring Apply architectural patterns to improve several quality attributes. Use architectural tactics to address for specific quality attributes. 6.5.2 Retaining existing Architecture Models Continue the existing architecture in patterns. Search for Modifiability tactics already used. Stick to that tactics. 7 References [1] Len Bass: Generate and test as a software architecture design approach. WICSA/ECSA 2009 Page 309 – 312. [2] Sarah Al-Azzani and Rami Bahsoon. SecArch: Architecture-level Evaluation and Testing for Security. In 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pages 51 60, Aug. 2012. [3] Thomas Aschauer, Gerd Dauenhauer, Wolfgang Pree. Towards a Generic Architecture for Multi-Level Modeling. European Conference on Software Architecture 2009 Page 121 130. [4] J. Franco, R. Barbosa, and M. Zenha-Rela. Automated reliability prediction from formal architectural descriptions. In 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pages 302 -309, Aug. 2012. [5] R. Nord, I. Ozkaya, P. Kruchten, and M. Gonzalez-Rojas, In search of a metric for managing architectural technical debt, in 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and 6th European Conference on Software Architecture, 2012, pp. 91-100.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Religion and Politics Essay examples -- Papers Church State Separation

Religion and Politics Both liberals and conservatives have become quite adept at mixing religion and politics in our current society. One also continues to observe an ongoing practice of civil religion demonstrated by presidents and office-seekers on both the left and right. Generally, the leftist merger of religion and politics has received greater social acceptability because it has been cloaked in such rights' causes as civil rights, women's rights, or economic rights (the social distribution of wealth). The advocating of these rights issues have provided an appearance of transcending religion, keeping the left relatively free from criticism of any church and state overlap. Christian Conservatives, however, have found it more difficult to reasonably combine faith and politics because they have more overtly recognized that their political positions are grounded on faith assumptions. This has resulted in numerous attacks by both non-Christians and Christians alike against the conservative attempt to merge religion and politics. Three arguments have been used most frequently against the conservative mixture of religion and politics. In what follows each of these arguments is stated and then refuted. The first argument is that politics is too worldly. The essence of the argument is that politics is part of this world's system, and Christ clearly taught His followers to "love not the world," and to flee from worldly activities. There is a danger of becoming caught up in th... ...hermore, in the Bible there is much political activity by God's servants. The judges and kings ruled under God. The prophets and Moses were quite political. Daniel served in the civil governments of Babylon and Persia. Joseph governed in Egypt. The Apostles spoke of following God's rules rather than men's. In conclusion, to be obedient to Christ requires political activity. Jesus is quite clear about the need to overcome social injustices. If Christ tells us to confront the forces of evil, but society tells us not to, and even makes a law against bringing religion into politics, then who should we follow, the state or Christ? In the broadest sense, we are called to political activity because we are responsible to apply Christian principles and standards to all areas of our society, and politics is one of these areas.

Free Euthanasia Essays: Oregon, Assisted Suicide and Right to Life :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Oregon, Assisted Suicide and Right to Life The reader of this paper will learn how the Right to Life movement is getting involved in a dramatic way in the assisted suicide battle in the state of Oregon. The NRLC(National Right to Life Committee), as well as the state RTL group, is participating in the court battle resulting from Oregon's November, 2001 judicial challenge to Ashcroft's decision -- initiated to keep assisted suicide practices functioning smoothly in Oregon. The National Right to Life Committee and Oregon Right to Life filed a friend of the court brief in the case challenging the recent decision of U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft that the Controlled Substances Act does not permit the use of federally controlled drugs for assisted suicide. Under the Ashcroft decision, physicians who prescribe controlled drugs for assisted suicide could lose their licenses to prescribe any federally controlled drugs, which would effectively end the medical practice of many doctors. The brief supports the position of the United States, arguing that the Ashcroft decision should be upheld. (Oregon) In November of 2001, the State of Oregon brought suit against the Ashcroft ruling charging that it effectively nullifies Oregon's law permitting physician-assisted suicide for the terminally ill. Oregon is the only state to have legalized physician-assisted suicide. Oregon was joined in the suit, Oregon v. Ashcroft, by a number of persons seeking assisted suicide, a physician, a pharmacist, and an assisted suicide advocacy organization. Federal district court judge Robert E. Jones in Portland, Oregon, enjoined enforcement of the Ashcroft ruling pending prompt resolution of the case in his court. The National and Oregon Right to Life brief argues that Ashcroft's decision was fully justified because the federal government can choose to protect all human life through its laws even if the State of Oregon has chosen not to do so. "Just because Oregon allows its doctors to prescribe lethal drug overdoses to patients doesn't mean that the federal government has to agree that this is a legit imate medical use of the drugs," said James Bopp, Jr., General Counsel of the National Right to Life Committee. "The Oregon tail doesn't wag the federal dog. The U.S. government can protect all human lives even if Oregon turns its back on some of them." The brief also argues that the Ashcroft decision avoids constitutional problems by refusing to discriminate against terminally ill persons in enforcement of federal drug laws.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Sugar :: essays research papers

Most sugar somes from sugar cane, about 55%. Sugar cane is a kind of grass that grows to the height of about 16 feet. It can onlt grow in tropical regians near the equator. It is usually cut by hand witha machete. It is then taken to prossecing plants to be refined. They statrt by pressing the cane to extract the juice, and then boiling the juice until it begins to thicken and sugar begins to crystalliz, then spinning the crystals in a centrifuge to remove the syrup, producing raw sugar. They then ship the raw sugar to a refinery where it is washed and filtered to remove remaining non-sugar ingredients and color. Beet sugar processing is similar, but it is done in one continuous process without the raw sugar stage. The sugar beets are washed, sliced and soaked in hot water to separate the sugar-containing juice from the beet fiber. The sugar juice is then purified, filtered, concentrated and dried. Sugar types are defined by their crystal size. "Regular" is the sugar found in everyday homes and kitchens. It is the white sugar called for in most cookbook recipes. The food processing industry describes "regular" sugar as extra fine or fine sugar. It is the sugar most used by food processors because of its fine crystals that are ideal for bulk handling. Fruit sugar is slightly finer than "regular" sugar and is used in dry mixes such as gelatin desserts, pudding mixes and drink mixes. Fruit sugar has a more uniform crystal size than "regular" sugar. The uniformity of crystal size prevents separation or settling of smaller crystals to the bottom of the box, an important quality in dry mixes and drink mixes. Bakers Specials' crystal size is even finer than that of fruit sugar. As its name suggests, it was developed specially for the baking industry and is used for sugaring doughnuts and cookies. Superfine, Ultrafine, or Bar Sugar, has the smallest crystal size is the finest of all the types of granulated sugar, and it great fo r drinks, like coffee, tea, and lemonade because it disolves so easily.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

A Summary of Leadership and what it entails

At one degree a leader is the individual who non merely influences what happens but is able to do things go on by originating alterations, forming how alteration happens and doing all the necessary constructions, determinations and activities meaningful. But, accepting this position of leading should n't intend that we manipulate co-workers and alter their behaviour to suit our prearranged norm. It does intend that to be an effectual leader we need to be able to give co-workers a sense of apprehension of what they are really making in the school. In seeking to clear up leading in simple footings – it is utile to sum up some of the common traits that characterize effectual leaders.A This sort of sum-up can be divided into specific countries and include how leading has to be concerned with: a sense of duty the demand to finish undertakings being willing and able to take hazards holding the capacity to manage emphasis Bing able to act upon and organize the attempts of co-workers.Leadership manners and functionsLeadership has to be about edifice and keeping a sense of vision, civilization and interpersonal relationships every bit good as affecting direction issues that include the coordination, support and monitoring of our schools as organisations. We have to be able to equilibrate both functions. There is a utile statement from an infant caput instructor in an article calledA Effective School Leadership, published by the NCSL: ‘Leadership is about holding vision and articulating, telling precedences, acquiring others to travel with you, invariably reexamining what you are making and keeping on to things you value. Management is about the maps, processs and systems by which you realize the vision. ‘ What is of import about our manner of leading is that it needs to be appropriate for what is go oning and for the undertakings or procedures that are taking topographic point. All manners of leading have to take into history, foremost, how to finish undertakings and, secondly, what is the best manner to finish them. This is the procedure that everyone goes through in footings of effectual squads and relationships between co-workers. Tasks will non be completed decently by co-workers who are non motivated. There is a helpful step that tries to equilibrate undertakings and procedures utilizing four different manners of leading depending on how of import the undertakings are, or how of import squad work and the relationships between co-workers are: Stating co-workers what to doA – this is high on acquiring undertakings finished and low on developing and prolonging relationships and squad work. Selling an thought to colleaguesA – once more, this is high on undertakings but besides means that relationships are of import because a certain sum of understanding is necessary. Carrying co-workers to participateA – this is comparatively low on undertakings as the most of import facet of this manner of leading is to acquire co-workers working efficaciously together. Delegating to colleaguesA – this is low on undertakings and low on relationship and is a mature manner in a school with committed and effectual squads. Leaderships are able to confidently delegate undertakings to co-workers who themselves will hold to make up one's mind what leading manner to utilize. There are fundamentally, two sorts of functions necessary for a leader. One derives from the place held – you as caput instructor, your deputy or adjunct caput and so on. The other from personal abilities and see – many of these abilities are included in the earlier list of leading, interpersonal and professional accomplishments for leading. Having the ability and expertness and utilizing all the available accomplishments will intend that you and, in fact, any leader at any degree in the school ‘s hierarchy has the of import function of: calculating what needs making be aftering how to make it forming what needs to be done deputing undertakings to allow co-workers, squads and working parties coordinating and commanding what happens Monitoring and measuring its success.Leadership at many degreesIn many ways we are merely every bit good as all the remainder of the leaders we have in topographic point. This is mostly because leading has to be exercised at many degrees. All instructors are, for illustration, leaders in their ain schoolrooms because the existent procedure of instruction is about act uponing, directing, puting marks, utilizing appropriate resources and monitoring and evaluating successes. As instructors develop their accomplishments they will get down to take co-workers as course of study coordinators. Their functions, like ours, will affect people, information and determinations. In schools – all our schools – we will necessitate to take and advance leaders and leading along the undermentioned lines: Associating good to peopleA – this is where you have to move as a sort of front man and speak at maps such as meetings with parents. At the same clip you will be choosing, back uping, preparation, mentoring, monitoring and actuating co-workers you work aboard. Using information to take and raise standardsA – there is a changeless demand to supervise, fact happen and measure state of affairss by roll uping every bit much information as possible from persons, squads of instructors and from paperss and studies. Once the information is collected it has to be used to pull off alteration and to raise criterions by being disseminated and communicated to whoever needs it. This will intend clear and articulate meetings, written memos, well-managed treatments, studies and policy paperss. Leadership and determination makingA – all leaders have to take determinations and all facets of leading involve determination devising. Some determinations are instant statements, for illustration those affecting wellness and safety and hazard appraisal. Many others, nevertheless, will affect audience and consensus. This means meetings and meetings mean co-workers who may necessitate converting that alteration – and most determinations are related to alter – has to go on. In fact working with co-workers and taking them forward is far from easy. We all need to do certain that we place a high premium on the human dimension of leading and the demand to acknowledge and advance non merely the development of our ain considerable accomplishments but those of all our co-workers. Possibly stoping as I started will organize a orderly circle. But instead than utilize a glib definition of leading Lashkar-e-Taiba ‘s quotation mark from Ibsen who suggests that, ‘a community is like a ship and everyone ought to be prepared to take the helm ‘ .School ContextAn Elementary School with about 500 pupils described largely as helter-skelter and ailing organized school with no activities, development or any mission. The school is located in a freshly decentralized territory where a popularly elected council of parents, community members, instructors, and decision makers decides on the principal ‘s contract, approves the budget, and passes the school betterment program. The aim is to make a clime that will promote both pupils and instructors to hold a clear mission focused on a uninterrupted betterment in all Fieldss of the school life. As the new rule I will make my best to see hallways that are safe and orderly, categories that are more interesting and piquant, every bit good as programs going accomplished.Plan/Changes/MethodologyBefore get downing the alteration procedure, go familiar with the school betterment rhythm, the phases of the alteration procedure, and alteration theoretical accounts associated with each. Leaderships must be able to separate between the school betterment rhythm and the alteration procedure, find where the school is located within the alteration procedure, and place appropriate following stairss. Learn more about the complexnesss of the alteration procedure by reading, speaking with adept practicians, and go toing seminars. Accept the alteration procedure as a positive experience to be understood and embraced, instead than a negative experience to be feared and avoided. When you are ready to get down the school betterment procedure, bring in alteration experts and facilitators to construct the capacity of school staff to take alteration attempts. It is of import to pull upon the expertness and accomplishments of university module, cardinal office forces, external advisers, professional staff developers, and others. Lead treatments about the school ‘s â€Å" history of alteration † in order to understand how and why past alteration attempts have succeeded or failed. Learn about the functions that principals, instructors, cardinal office staff, parents, board members, and others involved in functioning kids and young person drama in the school betterment procedure, and utilize this cognition to organize effectual school betterment squads. School leaders should understand and cultivate their functions and the functions that others play within betterment enterprises. To construct a more collaborative school civilization, institute module survey groups and cross-grade or section squads and supply clip for collegial work. Build committedness and a collaborative civilization to back up the alteration procedure by being a â€Å" leader of leaders, † holding and pass oning high outlooks, and showing assurance in school staff and the environing community. Form partnerships with parents, concerns, and societal service and community bureaus to consolidate resources and run into the full scope of pupil demands – emotional, societal, and academic – in order to better pupil acquisition. Create high-achieving acquisition environments by choosing and incorporating a assortment of plans to better instruction and acquisition. Establish and follow a set of guidelines for implementing new attacks to student acquisition. Reflect on your leading patterns utilizing leading manner stock lists, studies, and/or checklists. Use a assortment of methods to observe success ; for illustration, some schools have used the undermentioned activities to observe success: Planing squads have repasts together at the terminal of the twelvemonth to reexamine advancement and celebrate success. Principals send out praises and notes that celebrate success. Schools clasp assemblies to acknowledge non merely the success of pupils but of their squads. The chief base on ballss out java cups with the school logo to acknowledge instructors and squads that have been peculiarly successful. The school betterment procedure takes topographic point in three phases: induction, execution, and institutionalization. Knowing about the challenges and jobs every bit good as the success factors associated with each phase of the alteration procedure can increase the likeliness of success. Initially, some members of the school community – including school staff – may be loath to alter. School leaders, through their actions and words, can get the better of such reluctance by honoring risk-taking and encouraging school community members to offer new thoughts and schemes. If reforms are to better larning for all pupils, leaders must happen and implement meaningful course of study and effectual instructional plans for an progressively diverse pupil population. To guarantee that reforms do non overlook full groups of pupils, leaders must understand the civilization and demands of diverse pupils. Without a focussed attempt to aline and incorporate school betterment enterprises, the likely consequence will be fragmented, uncoordinated plans and activities that may hold conflicting aims. It is up to school leaders to make a shared vision and mission for school betterment, to organize assorted alteration attempts so that they work together toward similar aims instead than against one another, and to guarantee that these attempts reach for the common end of improved acquisition for all pupils. Leaderships of betterment attempts need to turn to the jobs of resources ( clip, money, and support ) , the demand to develop and retain knowing and motivated forces, and the challenge posed by the switching ends of the cardinal office, the province, and the local community. Leaderships should be wary of mismanaged understanding. Everyone in a group agrees to a determination – even though no 1 in the group supports the determination – because they are unwilling or unable to pass on their reserves ; it besides refers to a state of affairs in which everyone in the group agrees about a job that must be solved, but no one actively pursues schemes or actions to cover with the job. Therefore, leaders must foster squads that are able to pass on and work out jobs openly. Now that the school has identified the assorted constituents of its betterment program, the undertaking is to convey everything together into a consistent plan of patterns that will turn to its identified demands and ease the betterment procedure. The program must besides include all necessary execution information ( e.g. , who is responsible, timeline ) . Some territories or provinces have a needed format for schools ‘ action program. For those that do n't, this activity helps participants reflect on the most appropriate format to back up their alteration attempt. There is no â€Å" best † layout for an action program. Depending on the nature and demands of different schools and depending on any province or local demands by which they must stay, the manner in which their action programs are laid out will differ. The primary intent of the action program is to be a utile tool for steering school staff in implementing agreed-upon effectual patterns and support activities. Having a clear and comprehensive action program helps guarantee the effectivity and efficiency of a school ‘s betterment attempts. Developing and implementing a school betterment program is an iterative procedure ; if a program is to be effectual, betterment attempts must be on-going and uninterrupted, their consequence reviewed and documented in the class of execution. Having all improvement-related information in one complete papers provides a clear image of the full betterment enterprise, its ends, and how all patterns and support activities are intended to suit together in traveling the school toward those ends. This helps prevent atomization of attempt and, over clip, makes it easier to place countries of failing or incompatibility. Having one comprehensive papers besides makes updating information and maintaining path of execution activities much easier. Using an electronic templet can be particularly helpful for easy updating the program.Memoranda – LetterssBelov ed Parents:I wanted to take a minute to present myself to you.A As you are likely cognizant, I am the new Principal at Elementary School.A I am honored that this community/school territory has chosen me to take the Elementary School.A Although I merely started a few yearss ago, it is already evident to me that this is a lovingness and welcoming environment.A I am looking frontward to run into your kid ( kids ) on the first twenty-four hours of school.A I feel that my duty as the Principal is to guarantee your kid receives a quality instruction within a safe, respectful environment.A I know the staff here portions that same focus.A I am a house truster in the home/school connection.A Please experience free to reach me at the school with any inquiries, concerns, or merely to present yourself.A Working together merely enhances your kid ‘s educational experiences.A As a affair of concern, I ask that you please be understanding as we continue to work to guarantee a safe school environment.A Your kid ‘s safety is our first concern at dismissal/arrival. To this terminal, we ask that you follow the initial modus operandis outlined in the parent missive you late received with your kid ‘s category assignment.A These modus operandis may alter somewhat as we begin the twelvemonth and find the figure of kids being picked up by their parents.A Besides, the territory has enacted a policy sing altering your kid ‘s normal dismissal routine.A If you need to alter your kid ‘s agencies of transit place, this must be done in authorship by 1pm.A Telephone petitions will non be honored.A I understand this is a alteration from old years.A However, this policy helps to guarantee a safe dismissal.A If you have any inquiries sing this, delight name us. I hope your enjoy the staying yearss of summer vacation.A We will see everyone on August 30th.A Respectfully, PrincipalBeloved Teachers/Students:I would wish to take this chance to present myself and portion my exhilaration about my assignment as the new principal at Elementary School.A Elementary had a repute of excellence and I feel fortunate to be fall ining a school civilization focused on pupil acquisition, a committedness to high outlooks, invention and collaboration.A It is my purpose to go on to transport out these of import traditions and practices.A I would wish to construct on the same repute here at Elementary and ask for you to assist us find what is best for your kid by go toing monthly forenoon javas, parent conferences and academic events. I would wish to portion some information about my educational background and professional experience.A After graduating from XYZ School, I attended ABC University.A While at ABC, I studied Shakespearean Theater.A After having my Bachelor ‘s grade in Elementary Education, I attended XXX University where I earned a Masters in Education-Reading Specialist.A I taught for 10 old ages in New York before my move to Galveston.A I spent five old ages learning in Galveston while besides prosecuting my enfranchisement in Educational Leadership.A I have spent the last 15 old ages in XXX company as an decision maker. I look frontward to be a portion of a warm and caring school environment and working together with each of you this year.A Please experience free to name or halt by for a visit.A If you have inquiries or concerns, pleased do non waver to reach me. Sincerely, Principal