Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Management Under Uncertainly Essay

I had been in Target as a temporary worker and one decision made by the manager left a deep impression on me. As one of the largest retail stores in Australia, Target can be found in the shopping centre of most area. The store I had worked is located in Leichhardt which had the expectancy was achieving a sales budget of $ 50,000 per day, and then the net profit would reach $6000. In order to make the expectation into reality, the manager of Target Leichhardt store from the point of view of cost savings decided to cut the shifts of employees. Originally, one shift had four cashiers, but now reduced to two cashiers. In addition, the manger made a decision to no longer use customer greeters. In Target store, the duty of greeter is not only greet customers into the store, but also check the bags of customers to avoid theft when they leave. The manager decided to reduce shift because he found this is a kind of waste when the store is not busy. On the other hand, he thought the customer greeter looks like a decoration because the phenomenon of pilferage was rarely. Although the manager made the adjustments, the result was still not satisfied and the outcome was the store has not achieved the budget. These decisions caused complaint from a lot of customers about the long queue when they went to the checkout. I had seen some customers drop off the commodities which they had selected because they do not like to wait for a long time. Beyond that, the two operators always feel tired and unfair when the store is very busy. Once they feel bored, they will not have enough energy and passion to serve customers. Furthermore, no longer use greeter also caused some negative effects. For example, tally clerk found that small and precious items had been lost regularly. Obviously, there were customers in the store for stealing and the action of theft reduced the budget seriously. Analysis of the Decision Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, & Currie (2003) pointed out that the bounded rational decision making is refer to there are many options, but the decision maker only consider some of these, or from the long term, that is not a best decision but the most suitable for the current situation. Here is an example, a lady fell down along the road and break her stiletto heel, and then she quickly goes into a cheap shoe store and bought a pair of lip-flops that she had never worn before. If it is in normal circumstances, the lady will buy a pair of shoes that she likes at ordinary times, but now she is in a hurry and can not wear the shoes with broken heels. So, buy a pair of shoes that does not like usually become an appropriate choice. This can be called â€Å"satisfying†. People in most cases do decision like this, because sometimes we do not consider all the possibilities in order to save time (Campling, Poole, Wiesner, Ang, Chan, Tan & Schermerhorn, 2008). Decision-makers always pick up the most useful one. In the Target Leichhardt store, because the manager chose the solution to reduce the costs in a short time, the decision can be defined as Satisfying. The decision of this store manager made just embodies the people’s bounded rationality in decision making process. The managers thought the store can increase budget by cutting costs. However, queuing for a long time can make customers have bad impression on the store. Finally, people thought for long lines when they mention this store, then they refuse to go to the store shopping instinctively. People should consider three processes that bounded rationality usually involve in. hey are simple search, simple stopping and simple decision rules. These three rules are also referred to as â€Å"heuristics†, it is used to describe â€Å"how normal people make decisions without calculating utilities and probabilities† (Gigerenzer & Todd, 2012). In this case, the manager made decision without calculating the chance of various results by using the optimal and maximizing outcome. . In this situation, the manager didn’t use the optimal or maximizing outcome to calculate the probability of outcome occurring, he didn’t use the utility to calculate the expected happiness. There are many factors that can cause bounded rationality, such as emotion, knowledge and culture. According to Teale et al (2003), bounded rationality can also be interpreted as non-rational decisions. This is because people have limited knowledge level and lack of training. The lack of knowledge and training make people with narrow horizons, and then can not take a panoramic view of the situation and do not have a long-term view. In this Target store, the manager did not investigate and understand the situation of the store from all aspects carefully; it also can say he was lack of practical experience in management of decision making. His decision can only satisfy the short-term interest if it goes well. However, it turns out he did not achieve the short-term goals. In terms of the long time interest, invoice for a long time and occasionally steal phenomenon caused bad effect on the company’s image. On the other hand, decision-maker do not communicate smoothly and actively with others can also affect the decision making (McKee, 2010). According to my observation, the manager lack basic understanding of the store and he seldom communicated with employees and customers. Sometimes, he just organized the regular meeting, and the aim of meeting is to decorate task without exchange views with others. When someone makes decision by himself without communicate with others, bounded rationality can get a higher frequency of occurrence. Lacks of communication not only lead to make decision unwise, because the decision maker is likely to be emotional to make a decision, but also make the decision maker overconfidence. In real life, we meet some people who always think they are right (Hanson, Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2011). Beyond that, environment can cause bounded rationality. Today’s general environment is complicated and changefully, people can obtain information from various channels and ways. Not all information is appropriate, sometimes wrong information mislead decision maker to make an irrational decision. In this case, the general environment is the customers and sales performance are different and the manager eager to prove his ability. So he made a non rational decision and this decision does not have any benefit for a long term operation. Reflection Mckee (2010) show us The Eight Stage Decision Making Process Model. If I were the manager in this case, I would use the above mentioned model to help me to make a rational decision. First of all, I would collect all possible information about the sale budget and net profit for five years before. For example, check the financial annual report, the daily turnover and the net profit report. Form these reports, I could analyze and assess which part of work we need to adjust and improve. Our goal is to increase earnings; we can start this goal from attracting more customers rather than reduce shifts and layoff greeters. There are many ways to attract potential customers and make them become returned customers at the same time. One effective way is issue voucher; we can offer a five dollar voucher when the customers purchase more than 50 dollars. By that analogy, we can give ten dollar voucher when the customers purchase more than 100 dollars. In this way, we can ensure customers keep coming. Another way to attract customers is to do some promotions, such as buy three same items for two items price. When I use The Eight Stage Decision Making Process Model to make a decision, I would consider more on one of the elements that is to list alternatives (Mckee, 2010). In this case, arrange employees to the most suitable area according to their own ability and personality is an alternative decision. For instance, a employee with personality of patience and enthusiasm, I would arrange he to be a customer assistance. Put myself in customer’s position, I hope to get a better shopping guide and help. Moreover, Tolbert and Hall (2008) pointed out that the more person involve the decision process, the decision is more rational. Due to the feasibility of this theory, I would be honest to analyze the whole store operating condition and the goals to other managers and employees. Then, I will encourage them to actively participate in discussion and give advices. If I were the manager I would continue to use customer greeters. In order to make them not as decoration, I will arrange them some to do things to attract customers. For example, greeters can pass flyers to passers so that they have a better concept about what product will have a discount in which day. The following step we need to carry out decision, along with this step there may have some obstacles impede our progress. But, these are not serious problems, as long as we step by step; we are able to make sensible decisions (Kramar, Bartram, De Cieri, Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart & Wright, 2011). This style of decision making can be described as the rational model. Only managers like a link, fasten all the employees together to make the decision, this decision can be good for long-term development of an organization.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Characters, events and themes in ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

John Steinbeck uses animal imagery to express and introduce characters, events and themes in ‘Of Mice and Men.’ Steinbeck also uses nature, to convey events and settings in a subtle way. In section one of ‘Of mice and Men’ Steinbeck uses various colours to help the reader visualise the clearing as a tranquil and peaceful place. By describing the Salinas River as ‘deep and green’ the reader instantly envisages the water to be refreshing, mysterious and untouched. In addition, Steinbeck suggests that the clearing is full of sunlight: ‘The water is warm too, for it slipped twinkling over the yellow sands.’ Yellow, in this context, is calming because the words ‘warm’ and ‘twinkling’ are used before it. Steinbeck also uses alliteration to create a calm and peaceful atmosphere: ‘south of Soledad, the Salinas River.’ The repetition on the soft’s’ sound is calming and subtle. Steinbeck repeats this technique: ‘the water is warm too.’ As with the’s’ sound, the soft ‘w’ is calming. In this setting of absolute calm and serenity, Lennie and George are introduced. Steinbeck uses extensive animal imagery to describe Lennie: ‘dragging his feet in the way a bear drags his paws.’ This gives the impression that Lennie is large and cumbersome. However, the main reason that Steinbeck uses this form of imagery in describing Lennie is to portray him as amoral and therefore almost child-like. This means that later on in the novel, the reader will acknowledge that Lennie is blameless and also innocent. In contrast, section two begins with a very different description of conditions at the bunk house. The walls are ‘white washes’. This gives the impression that the bunk house is plain and dull. Most surfaces are ‘wood’ and ‘unpainted’ suggesting that everything is built for a practical purpose and that no thought has been put into decoration. In addition, even the sunlight is described negatively: ‘the sun threw a bright dust-laden bar through one of the side windows.’ This makes the sunlight seem dirty, like grey dust, which is at a vast disparity to the sunlight in section one, that is ‘golden’. The only reference to nature in section 2 is the use of a simile: ‘In and out of the beam flies shot like rushing stars.’ On the surface this simile seems pleasant, the flies represent nature and shooting stars are known to be lucky. Also the ‘busy’ flies may remind the reader of the itinerant workers that come and go. However, this simile does have sinister connotations, suggesting that something is rotten on the ranch; Hinting that death and destruction will follow in this novel. The theme of animals is also used to depict deep friendship when Candy’s dog is callously killed: ‘†I’d put the gun right here† he pointed with his toe’ Carlson is arrogant and insensitive causing candy’s to reveal one of the deepest friendships in the novel:’ The old man squirmed uncomfortably. â€Å"Well hell! I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him† He said proudly, â€Å"You wouldn’t believe it to look at him now, but he was the best damn sheep dog I ever seen.’ ‘The Dream’ is a key theme throughout ‘Of Mice and Men.’ This dream is surprisingly simple and based on happy memories of George’s childhood: ‘An’ we’d keep a few pigeons to go flying around†¦like I done when I was a kid.’ George is sometimes reluctant to repeat the dream. However once he gets into his stride the poetry of his language demonstrates that the dream is just as important to him as it is to Lennie: ‘The cream so god thick you got to cut it with a knife and eat it with a spoon. The dream is ultimately what binds Lennie and George together, keeping them focused and determined to work. This relates to animals and nature because all that Lennie and George want is to own there own land and livestock; this will set them free, like a bird. In section 3 a fight between Lennie and Curley takes place. Curly unexpectedly focuses his aggression on Lennie: ‘Then Curley’s rage exploded. â€Å"Come on, ya big bastard.’ Steinbeck instantly lets the reader know that Lennie is innocent by describing him as ‘helpless’ and comparing him to an innocent and amoral lamb: ‘Lennie covered his face with his huge paws and bleated in terror.’ Steinbeck uses the comparison between Lennie and animals, in this situation to show that his actions aren’t done out of anger or spite but out of instinct and fear. During the fight Curly description changes dramatically from a ‘terrier’ to a ‘fish on a line’ implying that he is helpless, vulnerable and at Lennie’s mercy: ‘The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line.’ In the last section of the novel, a poignant comparison is made using wildlife. ‘A water snake glided smoothly up the pool, twisting it periscope head from side to side†¦A silent head and beak lanced down and plucked it out by the head, and the beak swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically.’ Steinbeck uses this metaphor to emphasise that Lennie’s death is fate, just like nature. In conclusion, Steinbeck relays back to nature and wildlife to subtly describe a situation, theme or character. This allows the reader to identify with the novel and understand situations more clearly and deeply.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Women in Swimming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Women in Swimming - Essay Example o are ugly will feel jealous; the press photographers will do their professional duty, clicking pictures from different angles and with different viewpoints. The winner swimmer will attain international fame, and become overnight a sex symbol as well. Physical beauty and swimming ability are an awesome combination. One has the potential to become a crossover world star overnight. One may be the cover-page girl and the editors are sure to select the most provocative pose amongst the dozens of photographs their lens man has been able to get. Commercialization has crept in and the female swimmer is posed in a sexualized manner. She may do it willingly or the cameraman might have clicked her in that position. A female swimmer’s achievement in sports lasts for the duration of the performance but her sexy poses are cashable and marketable for many years. The athletic performance takes the back seat as compared to her sexy poses. Top swimming stars do would not like to miss the opportunities for making a fortune. In real terms, prize-money accrued out of a bunch of gold medals is kindergarten stuff as compared to the massive returns an attractive pose in the swimsuit may fetch for a top athlete. Sport sells but sex sells better! Yes, those poses looking at which the viewer roll their eyes and sigh in exasperation. Whether it is right or wrong from the sociological point of view, female swimmers are presented by both the print and electronic media, by highlighting their physical assets. The articles also emphasize the swimmer’s sexuality and the photographs are mostly to highlight their sexual features. When they get contracts as models by the multinational giants, the advertising people make their figure more glamorous by lighting and make-up. Her swimming talents take the backseat for a while. Her breathtaking and flawless skin and endless legs are given prominence. Her ripping muscles are made to look more attractive. And sky is the limit for the imagination of

Sunday, July 28, 2019

A Non-Profit Organization Solve Inc Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

A Non-Profit Organization Solve Inc - Term Paper Example This has answered the needs of customers in a timely manner and provided return trade-off. Price entails the charge of the services that we are offering; this has been tricky since it determines customer base of our company. We are offering low priced services and products to allow customers afford. In addition, we are non-profit Non-Governmental Organization thus our services are public oriented. We have been able to observe the market environment and competitors’ price strategies to ensure we are relevant. Business location is a critical ingredient in success and expansion since it increases convenience between suppliers and the organization. Our location has been strategic especially in residential areas, high traffic and main roads that are easily accessible. In essence, the strategy is focused on the commuting families and individuals. In addition, the company aims at supplying their products and services to local businesses, offices, and schools. On the other hand, the location of business should be close to processing facilities, market, and source of supply. We have committed to advertising our products and services through internet Web site, which has proven to be effective. Notably, the internet is fast turning into a major promotional avenue, and the institution believes it will advance with regards to the importance over time. Furthermore, it is the most convenient means for us to wide presence from the onset. Our major customer at the moment is the S.S Conner Elementary School. After we are successful with the school we will extend our services to other poor performing elementary schools within the area before we expand to other institutions of learning within and outside the state. The image of our institution is very vital because it finds out the relationship with our customers in the education sector. Having a good image will attract customers and clients to our table. We intend to do what we do best.  We intend to do what we do best. By being the best in the education industry, we will become a respected leader in the field. The level of education in Texas should be top-notch. We also seek to promote and offer quality services. This way, clients, and prospects will acknowledge our services.

Sexual Harassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Sexual Harassment - Essay Example If Choudhury is aware of and follows sexual harassment laws and policies, he would understand that these actions are unacceptable because Baughn can sue him with sexual harassment. Employees should avoid acts that can result to sexual harassment claims. Furthermore, people should also help report sexual harassment cases. Some victims may be afraid of reporting them because of fear of losing their jobs or not being promoted. Those who are sexually harassing them might be making threats against them already. Employees have a responsibility to their co-workers to promote obedience to the law and the protection from sexual harassment through following sexual harassment reporting guidelines. This way, they are also protecting their environment from being a toxic one where people fear what sexual harassment can do to the stability and development of their careers. In addition, employees can also recommend improvements to sexual harassment policies that are appropriate to their organization s. They can ensure that these policies remain relevant to their workplace and cultures that may improve these policies’ effectiveness. Riley, Samantha. â€Å"‘Hot Yoga’ Guru Faces Sexual Harassment Charges.† abcnews.com, 22 Mar. 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

How can HR management systems and practices in Malaysia businesses be Essay

How can HR management systems and practices in Malaysia businesses be re-designed using KM and OL principles to increase innovat - Essay Example The various HRM practices would give an insight into the functionality of the Malaysian organizations and on the various procedures of conducting operations like training, selection, staffing and recruitment (Barnes 2002, 220-320). Finally, the study will highlight how the inclusion of OL and KM principles would lead to the betterment of the functionality of the organizations. Human Resources Management Practices in Malaysia In Malaysian organizations, the focus is on the integration of HR activities and practices which requires the alignment of the existing personal HR practices with the interests of the employee and personnel (Gelder 2005, 322). The strategic importance and emphasis is given on the integration of activities in the electronic industry of Malaysia. This strategic integration is an important element as it helps in solving the complexities of the problems and also, in assessing the interpretation of the problems (Gill 2000, 23). The HR strategy formulation is also give n its much deserved importance in Malaysian organizations which lay emphasis on the development and implementation of internal consistent polices and practices designed for the accomplishment of objectives (Hashim 2009, 224). The HRM practices in the human resource development process helps in the organizational innovation process. Malaysian organizations concentrate on the importance of the HR business and organizational strategy and also, on the protection of assets. However, it has been observed that the Malaysian organization does not believe in the job rotation facilities and hammers on imparting the operation knowledge (Haslinda and Sarinah 2013, 324). The Malaysian organizations are highly dependent on technological innovations and procedures which need to be re-designed constructively for enhancing the organizational outcome and also, for improving the existing systems. Figure 1: Human Resources in Malaysia (Source: Curtin University of Technology 2005). Redesigning of HR Pr actices using the Knowledge & Organizational Learning Principles Knowledge Management (KM) principles help in the improvement of the existing systems by employing own attributes (Institutional Repository 2006).There are several methods to implement the change management techniques for continuous improvement in the existing systems (Laiken 2001, 23). This is because the KM principles vary according to the situation and help in the improvement of the operational abilities of the organization (Infed 2013). The process is not iterative and relies heavily on the management systems. It aids the amalgamation of the engineering process and systems and also, the analysis of the organizational dynamics (Lee and Ahn 2001, 213). The structuring of organizational dynamics would be required for the integration of activities and systems which would address all the organizational issues and problems. The model is used to hone the skills of the employees, redesign the organizational structure and al so, gain expertise through the exchange of knowledge systems with their colleagues. The Malaysian organization needs to emphasize on their functioning in three important facets of the organization. They are namely, virtual work team, community of practice (COP) and expertise network systems. These three elements stress on the creation and

Friday, July 26, 2019

Impacts of TNCS on Host Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Impacts of TNCS on Host Economy - Essay Example The current concept of trans-border business operations began to intensify after the Second World War, even though such business operations have been in existence for some centuries (Ietto-Gillies, 2012, p.7). The wide coverage of these organizations cutting across cultures make them have positive and negative impacts on, and become a point of concern for, their employees, the competitors, the domestic customers, the host government, alongside the other international organizations that may operate in the country (Sat, 2009, p.41; Fuller, n.d). The effects realized will be determined by the nature of operations by the TNCs. This paper focuses on the economic impacts that the foreign direct investments established by the transnational corporations have on the economy of the host nations. It examines how the workers, the suppliers, the domestic competing organizations, and the host communities are affected by the operations of a transnational corporation within a given country. Particul ar attention is given to the effect that acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft had on the economy of the United Kingdom. The Positive Contributions of TNCs to the Host Country’s Economy The operations of transnational corporations have certain positive impacts on the economy of the host nations. One of the benefits of TNC is transfer of technology into the host economy (Berger & Diez, 2008). The transnational corporations often get into a given country through different entry modes such as exporting, joint ventures with the domestic firms, foreign direct investments, or licensing among many others (Rugman, 1996, p.29). They develop various linkages that form the basis for technology spillover (Berger & Diez, 2008). The local employees will get to learn the modern technologies that the TNCs apply in their production operations. The learnt technologies can than be transferred to the domestic companies when these employees move on to take employments with the domestic firms. In this w ay, the technology shall have been transferred into the economy of the host nation at a relatively lower cost than other methods of acquisition such as buying the technology from the developers or domestic development of the technology. Similarly, the transnational corporations can acquire or enter into joint ventures with domestic firms. The transnational corporations have better responses to organizational changes. The organizations work in different cultural, institutional, and regulatory environments and they are forced to modify their organizational structures continuously (Lowe & Wrigley, 2010, p.382). The management approaches may be copied by local managers (Berger & Diez, 2008, p.1049) who would transfer the techniques to the management of other organizations if their tenure with the TNC comes to a halt. A manager who has worked for a significantly long period for some TNC may develop new ideas (owing to the research and development carried out by the TNCs) to go ahead and establish his or her new investment scheme. The transnational corporations producing goods locally may help reduce the imports to a given country if the domestic customers are attracted to their products in preference to the alternative imports (Fuller, n.d). The goods made locally by the TNCs are likely to be cheaper since other costs like shipment and duties have been reduced considerably. On a similar perspective, the TNCs can help increase the export from a given economy if the TNC exports

Thursday, July 25, 2019

EQUITY & PROPERTY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EQUITY & PROPERTY LAW - Essay Example When equity developed as a parallel system to the common law, it was considered innovative by acknowledging â€Å"new† rights where common law failed to provide â€Å"justice†2. The intrinsic nature of this innovative system lay in the judicial â€Å"discretion† referred to by Lord Hoffman in Co-operative Insurance Society Limited v Argyll Stores Holdings Limited3. From a historical perspective, equity developed as a result of inflexibility of common law and â€Å"wiped away the tears of the common law†4. However, this exercise of judicial discretion led to an uneasy relationship with the common law. The clash was resolved in favour of equity and resulted in equity prevailing in the event of a conflict, which is now statutorily enshrined in section 49 of the Supreme Court Act 1981. Moreover, if we firstly consider Bill and Muriel’s position, if Charles had orally agreed for them to acquire proprietary interests in the Property, then Section 2 of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 (the 1989 Act) provides that â€Å"a contract for the sale or other disposition of an interest in land can only be made in writing and only by incorporating all the terms, which the parties have expressly agreed in one document or, where the contracts have been exchanged, in each†. The essence of Section 2 is the requirement that the contract must be in writing and contain all the terms expressly agreed to and be signed by both parties. If the rules are not complied with, there will be no contract. In the past, failure to comply with the written requirements was remedied by equity when there had been part performance of a contract. Whilst there is no express provision in the 1989 Act specifically abolishing part performance, there has been an assumption that the doctrine is no longer applicable as section 2 clearly renders oral contracts void. Therefore, at common law, any oral

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Arab Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Arab Spring - Essay Example The anti-government protests and demonstrations were made not only by Arabs but also Africans. The word â€Å"spring† is an allusion or reference to water being a welcome development in the mostly arid geography of the MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) region. Other similar protests, uprisings, and rebellions were termed as â€Å"The Velvet Revolution† and the â€Å"People Power Revolution† (depending on the degree of peacefulness or violence) in other countries. Arab Spring started innocently enough in Tunisia when a street fruit vendor immolated (burned alive) himself to protest the lack of jobs for poor people like him. This vendor named Mohamed Bouazizi was reportedly a college graduate who could not find any decent job for himself to feed his family. Soon other protesters took up his cause and led to the downfall of long-time Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The events in Tunisia were soon copied by people in other countries like in Egypt (ousted two presidents), in Libya (where Gaddafi was eventually killed in the civil war with foreign military intervention), in Yemen (where its president handed over power to a national unity coalition), and still on-going in some places like in Syria (a full-scale civil war), street protests in Saudi Arabia, Mauritania, and Sudan, in demonstrations against the governments in Bahrain and the UAE (United Arab Emirates), or constitutional reforms implemented in Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Kuwait, e tc. to stop protests. Historians, academicians, political scientists, and media practitioners are offering their own opinions and theories on why the Arab Spring had taken place in the MENA region at a particular time in this region's history. There is a real danger of civil uprisings turning into a full-scale civil war with the result of the country becoming a failed state like that in Somalia where there is no central governing authority and the country becomes a lawless place. Another risk is the Arab Spring could also be hijacked by other extremist or Islamist groups that will integrate themselves in the uprising and then later on grabbing the leadership of the movements when they think it is already right to do so and move it away from the original objectives of trying to obtain liberal democracy. The Arab world is known for its historical democratic deficit because of so many long-standing institutional control structures that hinder the introduction of meaningful changes in a nation (Chaney et al., 2012:363). The influential social, political, and religious structures had been in place for many centuries already since the Arab armies conquered these countries and to also introduce Islam wherever they went at that time in history. Many of these historical events are still exerting influential and enduring effects so that introducing change is very difficult.   

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Building and Sustaining School culture Research Paper

Building and Sustaining School culture - Research Paper Example Creating awareness of culture within school settings can trigger scholars and tutors to take on tasks that promote growth. A school is an organization that has its own principles, values, and norms. Culture is not a distinguishable aspect of a school setting. A school culture encloses teachers developing their attitudes and impacting their conclusions and deeds. Culture manipulates all facets of a school, as well as such aspects as teacher’s dressing, what the teachers talk about during their breaks, how the teachers decorate their classrooms and the teacher’s stress on definite facets of the program of study. This research paper will focus on the factors that can help in building and sustaining school culture within school settings and institutions and the key players.Sarason (1996) refers culture within a school setting as the set of beliefs and values coherent among the school leaders in steering the school and interpreted by the students into proper conducts and arm ored through the installation of discipline. School cultures are formed and transformed over time. Needless to say, there is a broad correspondence among authors and scholars on how school cultures reacts to and replicates community attributes held by the students. For this reason, school culture can be expressed as the air we breathe. It is hardly noticeable. Moreover, it also typifies the traits and values of its leaders (Sarason, 1996).Culture in school grows as â€Å"teachers associate with each other, students and the community†.... School culture is a dynamic aspect that is continuously â€Å"being constructed and shaped through dealings with other and replications on life and the world in general† (Sarason, 1996, p 27). Culture in school grows as â€Å"teachers associate with each other, students and the community† (Barth, 1990, p. 123).Sarason (1996) argues that it â€Å"becomes the guide for behavior shared among members of the school at large† (p. 32). Kruse and Louis (2008, p. 20) argue that schools â€Å"are shaped by cultural practices and values and reflect the norms of the society for which they have been developed†. Barth (1990) asserts that â€Å"rituals and procedures common to most schools play a vital role in defining school’s culture† (p.124). For instance, ringing bells and having students stand in lines. Sarason (1996, p. 138), asserts â€Å"it is challenging to determine the nature of a school’s culture because our own personal experiences and values put blinders on what we look at, choose to change, and evaluate; because our values and assumptions are usually implicit and second nature we proceed as if the way things are the way things should or could be†. Arguably, people scrutinize the customs, guidelines, curriculum, tasks, pedagogy and practices in institutions from side to side via the sieve of their personal experiences and values. Sarason (1996) points out that people must apprehend and analyze their own cultural impacts before examining a schools’. Before joining the school, teachers and other staff members are attached to other cultures. Their values, experiences, prior education and norms,affect their opinions on pedagogy, curriculum and reforms before stepping into classrooms. For this reason, any proposed cultural reform will be resisted. Effects of

Article Review Essay Example for Free

Article Review Essay Conducting their study as the transitional funding attached to the peace process in Northern Ireland is reaching its end, the authors examine the role of aid in conflict resolution particularly with regards to intangible outcomes such as identity formation. The idea behind this funding is that it reduces economic disparities between the conflicting groups and that the economic growth started by this funding will continue into the future. These funds come from the International Fund for Ireland (IFI), which addressed unemployment and poverty in Republican / Loyalist communities; the Peace I funds, which promoted social inclusion, cross-community contact, and economic development; and the Peace II funds (ended in 2006), which had similar goals to Peace I but targeted local, grassroots (nongovernmental) organizations. The authors also consider the role of external agencies as they intervene in ethnopolitical conflict and the importance of community development in the peace process. The authors are careful to note that economic aid is not a magic cure for conflict as this aid, if improperly administered, can at times heighten underlying conflicts. Indeed, in Northern Ireland, the approach has had mixed results. In designing their study, the authors took both a qualitative and quantitative approach. For the qualitative portion, the authors interviewed 98 community leaders, civil servants, and development officers from Belfast, Londonderry/Derry, and the Border region (Northern Ireland). These interviews consisted of semi-structured questions, including those attached to the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale: â€Å"What are your best wishes and hopes for your personal future? What are your worst fears and worries about your personal future? What are your best wishes and hopes for the future of your country? What are your worst fears and worries about the future of your country? † (page 166). The quantitative data was drawn from the summer 2006 Northern Ireland Public Opining Survey. The sample consisted of 1,023 adults representative of Northern Ireland’s adult population. The study as a whole was designed to look at the respondents hopes and fears about Northern Ireland’s future. Through the inclusion of qualitative data, the authors hoped to demarginalize voices that are often not heard in the official discourses of the peace process. This study yielded numerous tantalizing findings. First, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists imagine a future where conflicting groups are able to perceive a sense of shared community. Second, the authors found differences based on gender: more females than males saw the opportunity for building new relationships amongst communities in the future. Third, the authors found two common fears / concerns that extend across religions, genders, and ages: the fear that violence in changing the social fabric of Northern Ireland and the belief that politicians are disingenuous and not interested in serving the needs of their constituency. Fourth, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists saw the modernization of the economy and the political structure as means by which to support the peace process. Finally, the authors found that younger adults were more concerned about the potential failure of the peace process and the economy than older adults The authors consider numerous theories about identity formation. In designing their study, they took into consideration geographic differences in identity formation: i. e. Londonderry/Derry vs. Belfast and urban vs. rural locations. They also consider how the Irish view immigration and the infiltration of outside values. In general, this article is not convincing. Its primary strength is the detailed background to the conflicts in Northern Ireland, with a focus on the economic causes and effects of this conflict. This strength does not mitigate the effects of the article’s numerous weaknesses. First, the authors do not explicitly state their hypothesis. While exploratory studies such as this one can potentially reveal valuable information, the authors nowhere state the reasons behind the study. When questions such as identity formation are being explored, the readers need to know the authors’ relationship to the issue. For example, are the authors somehow involved in this ethnopolitical conflict? Or, are they looking at it from the perspective of an outsider? If they are outsiders, does their perspective have a bearing on how the respondents answer their questions? Second, the authors explicitly state that they wish to demarginalize those voices that are not typically heard in the official peace process discourse. However, in selecting the respondents for the qualitative portion of the study, the authors chose community leaders, civil servants, and development officers. It would seem that these are precisely the voices that are heard in the official discourse. Readers are left to wonder why the authors did not include a more representative sample of the population of Northern Ireland for this portion of the study. Third, this does not seem to be a study that was designed specifically to answer certain questions. As noted, the authors nowhere state a hypothesis. For the reader, it appears that the quantitative and qualitative data seems to have been mixed together ad hoc. In other words, the study does not seem to be designed to fit a specific question. Rather, the authors appear to have attempted to answer questions based on the information they had at hand. Fourth, as the basis for this study was largely to examine economic role of the peace process, it seems like a gross oversight that the authors did not provide data on their respondents’ demographics. In the discussion section, the authors indicate that they collected background demographic information (political party, religious views, age, gender, socioeconomic status) on the respondents, but this information was not included in the results section and does not appear to have been considered in any significant way. Finally, the analysis of the qualitative data seems a bit lacking. It would perhaps have been stronger to indentify the common themes and subthemes of the responses, rather than using the responses as illustrative examples. Because of these specific weakness as well as the authors’ failure to mention the limitations of their study and to provide specific recommendations for how their results can be used to generate future studies and/or to impact the peace process, this article is not convincing.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Biological Membranes Essay Example for Free

Biological Membranes Essay Internal membranes for organelles Bilayer Permeability †¢ Low permeability to charged and polar substances †¢ Water is an exception: small size, lack of charge, and its high concentration †¢ Shedding solvation shells for ions is very unlikelyCommon Features of Biological Membranes Sheet-like structure TWO-molecule thick (60-100A) Lipids, Proteins, and carbohydrates Lipids form the barrier. Proteins mediate distinct functions. Non-covalent assemblies (self-assembly, protein-lipid interaction) Asymmetric (always) Fluid structures: 2-dimensional solution of oriented lipids and proteins Electrically polarized (inside negative ~-60mV) Spontaneously forming in water Protein/lipid ratio = 1/4 – 4/1 Carbohydrate moieties are always outside the cell Protein/Lipid ratio †¢ Pure lipid: insulation (neuronal cells) †¢ Other membranes: on average 50% †¢ Energy transduction membranes (75%) Internal membranes of mitocondria and Each atom i at position ri, is treated as a point with a mass mi and a fixed charge qi. What is the Force Field? In molecular dynamics a molecule is described as a series of charged points (atoms) linked by springs (bonds). To describe the time evolution of bond lengths, bond angles and torsions, also the non-bonding van der Waals and elecrostatic interactions between atoms, one uses a force field. The force field is a collection of equations and associated constants designed to reproduce molecular geometry and selected properties of tested structures. Energy Terms Described in the CHARMm Force Field

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Aided System for Visually Impaired using Intel Galileo Gen-2

Aided System for Visually Impaired using Intel Galileo Gen-2 Aided System for Visually Impaired People in Bus Transport using Intel Galileo Gen-2: Technical Note K. Bommarajua, A. Manikandanb and S. Ramalingamc Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engg., Government College of Engg., Trichy, India ABSTRACT: Visually impaired people have difficulty in travelling and accessing information about public transportation systems. Several systems have been developed for helping visually impaired people to use the city bus. Most systems provide dual-way communication and require costly and complex equipments. The purpose of this study is to reduce the difficulties faced by visually impaired people while boarding in city buses, using an interactive wireless communication system. The system comprised a user module and a bus module to provide a direct one-to-one connection to reduce the difficulties due to many-to-many communication. When the user triggers the switch, the user module immediately sends out the information. If the bus module receives the matched signal, it buzzes and the warning LED flashes to notify the bus driver that someone is waiting to board on the bus. The interactive wireless communication aid system is a valid and low-cost device for assisting visually impaired people to use city buses. KEYwords:  Wireless communication; Visual impairment; Public transportation Citation: K. Bommaraju, A. Manikandan and S. Ramalingam. 2017. Aided System for Visually Impaired People in Bus Transport using Intel Galileo Gen-2: Technical Note, Int. J. Vehicle Structures Systems, 9(1), 219-223. doi:10.4273/ijvss.9.1.06 Introduction The use of public transport is vital to the productivity and independence of visually impaired people. Supporting visually impaired people to use the public transport can increase their chances of education and employment and reduces the financial burden on their families. In most physical environments, the visually impaired people have difficulty in accessing information about bus stops, terminals, vehicles, schedules, maps, and directories, which prevent them from using the public transport effectively. Knowing the location of the bus stop and the time when the bus arrives are the difficulties faced by the visually impaired people. Some position navigation systems have been developed to solve the problem of locating bus stops. Advanced public transportation services (APTS), including bus dynamic information display method with the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, have been developed by many countries. APTS [1] helps with the bus-stop voice reporting systems to provide more information for visually impaired people about the arrival of the bus which they want to board. Some APTS combined special handling devices were designed to provide dynamic information for visually impaired people. In Taiwan, the Taipei city government utilized an experimental system named broadcasting bus, that announces the bus number upon arriving at the bus terminal, to serve the visually impaired in 2002. The APTS named e-bus system started to be deployed in Taipei city since 2005 [3]. Using these technologies the number and the waiting time of the buses were shown on the light-emitting diode (LED) screen at the smart bus stops using GPRS facility. Only 20 percent of bus stops are planned to build. A survey of 400 passengers in 1998 revealed that the smart bus stops are not sufficient when equipped only with the voice reporting system because the voice information confused when many buses approached the sam e terminal at the same time which was a disadvantage of using many-to-many communication. The APTS with bus-stop voice reporting system and handheld devices might not provide a solution to this important issue. A survey showed that it would be very helpful if somebody could alert bus drivers about their boarding on buses. Various systems have been developed for visually impaired to communicate with bus drivers. Mehra et al. developed a user-triggered bus identification system in 2010. The user could select a particular bus and send signals by user module, and then a small LED starts flickering in the drivers control panel. The system offered only one-way communication. Bischof et al.developed a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system named NAVCOM. The authors proposed that blind people need a feedback to make sure whether the bus drivers get the original message. Another bus identification system designed by El Alamy et al. involves a bus station controller to identify users and send signals to buses with radio frequency. This system will say the information of the bus number when there is a 2-meter distance between the bus and the bus station. In Taipei, bus drivers are forced to leave the bus stop as soon as possible because most time several buses arrive at the same bus stop simultaneously. Visually impaired people are often ignored at bus stops if no one informs bus drivers about waiting passengers [2]. The aim of the present study is to reduce the difficulties faced by visually impaired people while taking buses with interactive wireless communication design. The interactive feedback system allow visually impaired people and bus drivers to receive the transmitted signals from each other and improve the success rate of boarding correct buses [4]. Project moto The moto of our project is to help the visually impaired people to transport easily and also we added some extra features through which the deaf could also be benefited in bus transport. So our project is like a knife which is sharp at both the ends and is going to help the people in two ways. Adults also can know which bus is going to arrive at that moment. So all the people in the society can use this system. We are very interested in doing such a project for our society. There are two modules user module and bus module. The user module will be handled by the user or it can also be placed as common in the bus stop also, so that all the people can use it and then if it is handled by single user alone then he or she can only use it. The bus module is fixed in the place where the driver can notice it. Hardware design For the development of our project, we use two modules. One at the bus driver-bus module One at the passenger-user module Here we are using both transmitter and receiver at both the module. The process, here is that the passenger waiting at the bus stop should switch on the passenger module, it sends out the signal, that signal is received at the receiver of the bus module. Then automatically the alarm sound will be produced and then the LCD will display that there is a passenger is waiting at the nearby bus stop, and then an LED will be glowing there. There are many components that are used for this process. Two types of ICs are used one is coding IC and the other is decoding IC. Fig. 1: Intel Galileo Gen-2 Here the signal is transmitted and received using RF transmitting and receiving modules. For various indicating purpose we use different types of LCD such as warning LED to glow while the buzzer buzzes and the power LED to indicate the status of the module whether it is in ON or OFF state. The main component of our project is Intel Galileo Gen-2 board which is used in Adruinio programming platform as shown in Fig. 1. The speciality of this board is that it can be used as a PC after installing an OS through SD card. It also has some special features that it can be connected to LAN and access internet, it has 20 digital pins which can be used as input/output and 6PWM output pins. We can also connect USB cable to it to transfer programming to it. It works with a power supply of 7-15V DC input. The coding IC HT12E is a 18 pin IC as shown in Fig. 2 mostly used for Radio Applications. The main purpose of this IC is to convert parallel input to serial output. It has 8 address pins and 4 dat a pins, used as an encoder. It has an active low enable pin and works on the voltage level of 2.4-12V. Fig. 2: Encoding IC Fig. 3: Decoding IC Fig. 4: System framework of the user module and the bus module In Fig. 3, the decoding IC HT12D is also a 18 pin IC and converts the serial input to parallel output. Which does the opposite process on the coding IC. Operates at the voltage level same as coding IC. The block diagram shows the components connection of both user and bus module. System development In a real environment, the interaction between visually impaired people and bus drivers are many-to-many relationship rather than a one-to-one. For technological simplicity, in our system we used a one-to-one interactive communication system. The collision of communication data over the one-to-one interactive wireless communication leads to the poor stability and low accuracy of wireless communication. The signal communicates through two distinct frequency bands: 434MHz and 315MHz. The interactive wireless communication system has two modules: a user module for the visually impaired (Fig. 4), and a bus module (Fig. 5) for bus drivers. The hardware was developed according to the interactive design. The user module consists of a wireless transmission module (434MHz), a wireless receiving module (315MHz). The bus module consists of a wireless transmission module (315MHz), a wireless receiving module (434MHz). When the user module sends out a signal, it is transmitted through the 434MHz band to the bus module, which then sends reply through the 315MHz band to the user module. In this way by using different frequencies for transmitting and receiving signals, the problem of wireless data collision between users is avoided. Outcome measure A basic requirement of this system is the wireless communication distance. If the wireless communication distances were shorter than buses stopping distances, conversely, if the wireless communication distance was too long, it was possible that the bus driver would have received the information from a waiting user too early. To avoid such situations, the maximum transmission distance of this system must be less than 100 meters. The outputs are displayed in an LCD which are taken snapshot for both transmitter in Fig. 5 and receiver in Fig. 6. 5.1. Transmitter: Fig.5(a) : Transmitter Initial Stage Fig.5(b) : Transmitter After Request Fig.5 (c): Transmitter After press Key pad 5.2. Receiver Fig.6(a):   Receiver Request of the blind person in the bus module Fig.6(b):   Receiver- Indication of the blind person Conclusions Thus this system improves the confidence of the visually impaired to take city buses and travel to their desired destination. This system is flexible to any climatic conditions. Thus by using our project visually impaired people can use the public transport facilities in an efficient manner. References: A. Montarzino, B. Robertson, P. Aspinall, A. Ambrecht, C. Findlay, J. Hine and B. Dhillon. 2007. The impact of mobility and public transport on the independence of visually impaired people, Vis. Impair. Res., 9, 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13882350701673266. E. Neuville, M. Izaute and L. Trassoudaine. 2009. A way finding pilot study: The use of the intelligent public vehicle by people with visual impairment, Br. J. Vis. Impair., 27, 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0264619à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’608097747. Survey on Difficulties in Daily Living of above 6 Year-Old Physically and Mentally Disabled, Report on Physically and Mentally Disabled Citizens Living Demand Survey, 2000, Taiwan Ministry of the Interior, Taipei, Taiwan, 329. W.R. Wiener, P. Ponchillia, E. Joffee, J.R. Kuskin and J. Brown. 2000. The effectiveness of external bus speaker systems for persons who are visually impaired, J. Vis. Impair. Blind., 94, 421-433. T.P. Hatlen and L.A. Myers, Advocating in behalf of blind and visually impaired bus travellers, Access to Mass Transit for Blind and Visually Impaired Travelers American Foundation for the Blind, 87-91. Hsiao-Lan Wang , Ya-Ping Chen , Chi-Lun Rau   and Chung-Huang Yu. An Interactive Wireless Communication System for Visually Impaired People Using City Bus Transport. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11(5), 4560-4571; doi:10.3390/ijerph110504560.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Importance of Nutrition and Sleeping Habits In The Classroom Essay

The Importance of Nutrition and Sleeping Habits In The Classroom Having good nutrition and sleeping habits is very important for education. It is important for children and adolescents to perform well in the classroom so that they get the most out of their education. Having poor sleeping habits or poor eating habits can have many harmful effects on a child’s classroom performance. If children have good eating habits as well as good sleeping habits they will perform better and be able to live up to their potential. Good nutrition is very important for children in all areas of their life but it is a key factor in how they perform in the classroom. One study showed that â€Å"taller more healthy children have higher levels of verbal development† and healthier children have â€Å"positively associated performance on reading, spelling, and arithmetic tests† (conceptual). Classroom tests are a very good indicator of how a child performs in school. The study shows that children with good nutrition have done better than children with health problems or who are under-nourished. Another study correlates with the first in showing that â€Å"children who had more adequate diets scored higher on the cognitive battery than those with less adequate intake† ( ). Good nutrition helps cognitive function which is defined as â€Å"the ability to learn categories, to process and structure information, and to learn and react to social and environmental cues. Cognitive function also includes the ability to ask appropriate questions and provide appropriate answers with in a given environment and to identify and solve relevant problems† (Cline). Cognitive function is important for good performance in the classroom because if a child cannot convey t... ...nd teachers would be able to get more accomplished with their students during the day. Studies show that there is a direct correlation between good sleeping habits in children and increased learning ability. Children who get adequate sleep have better cognitive function, are more inclined to concentrate better, and formulate questions better for things they do not understand. Good nutrition and good sleeping habits are important to good classroom performance. They both can greatly improve learning ability and cognitive function having a positive affect on children’s education. When children have poor sleeping habits and poor nutrition their learning ability is less and classroom performance is lower. Both factors are very important for children’s education and good habits should be developed early ensure that they will do well throughout school and in life.

Family A Tough Bond To Break :: essays research papers fc

Family: A tough Bond to Break Many wise pholosophers say that only 7 stories exist in the world as we know it. The struggle of good versus evil, finding true love, and the rise and fall of important people have been written about since the discovery of pen and paper. One theme that stands out in Homer’s epic, The Odyssey, is the desperation to keep a family together. Odysseus, Telemacus, and Penelope all suffer hardships trying to keep the tight bond their family has, as close as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Odysseus is determined he will return to his wife and newborn son after the war of Troy was won. Many trials and tribulations are presented to Odysseus on his journey home. Polyphemus, the Cyclops, tries to detain the hero from returning to his home of Ithaca. Poseidon’s son failed and ended up being blinded (Milch p. 29). Odysseus was also tempted by Calypso. The nymph-goddess offered to make him immortal if he would just stay with her on the island for ever. Odysseus refused and started his epic journey to Ithaca once again. Odysseus is told to visit Teiresias in Hades to find a way to make it back to Penelope and Telemacus. He must venture to the land of the dead (Rieu p 160). The only important thing in Odysseus’ life is returning to his family in Ithaca.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Having the same feelings his father possesses, Telemacus’ only desires are to keep his mother from marrying one of the many suitors and acquiring knowledge of his father. He must do this because he knows that if his father is dead, he must return to Ithica to fight the suitors alone (and eventually be killed). His other choice is to stay away from Ithica all together and lose the respect of his people and do harm to his fathers name. To do this, Telemacus sets out on a journey of his own. He first decides to visit his fathers friend, Nestor, first (Rieu, p. 30-44). Nestor tells of his fathers great deeds. After leaving Nestors palace, Telemacus visits Menelaus. He is visiting these great men to find out about his father. Since Telemacus was only an infant when his father set out to fight at Troy, he really does not remember him. By hearing stories about the great acts his father committed, he feels that he knows him better. This brings new feelings about is father.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Irresponsibile Biff in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Irresponsibile Biff in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have you ever felt as if you do not know what to do with your life? Everyone does sometimes, but certain people are like that their whole life. These people are irresponsible and depend on others to survive.   In "Death of a Salesman", Biff is one of these people.   He is irresponsible because he depends on Happy, depends on Willy, and does not know what to do for a living.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biff looks up on Happy as an example of good life.   It seems to him that Happy's life is stable and successful. Even though this is not true, Biff lets it bother him. He wants Happy to get him a job in New York so they could work together.   This shows some of his dependency and irresponsibility.   Biff does not seem as if he could live on his own successfully.   This disappoints both Happy and Willy. But this is not the only problem Biff has.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biff also depends on Willy to get him through life.   Willy's low morals cause Biff to think it's all right to concentrate on football when he was in high school.   Biff does not think he has to work in school. When he flunks math, he does not know what to do and once again turns to Willy.   Now Biff cannot go to college and since he has been concentrating on football, he has little or no skills at anything else.   He depends on Willy's support to help him. But since Willy's expectations of Biff are not met, Biff does not receive the help he needs and moves off on his own.   This leaves Biff to find a goal in life and reach it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, Biff does not know what to do for a living.   He is constantly moving around, unsure of what to do next.   This may be because of his uncertainty of a future. Biff has never held a steady job.   Because of this, he has never held a steady home. This shows a lot of irresponsibility.   Until he knows what he wants to do, Biff cannot settle down and become an adult.   This inconsistency in employment makes Biff irresponsible.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Schiaparelli vs Chanel

In Judith Thurman’s article for The New Yorker, â€Å"Mother of Invention in Fashion† she tells of the life and fashion influence of designer Elsa Schiaparelli. The name may not be familiar to fashion outsiders but the Italian designer emerged around the same time period as the better-known Coco Chanel. While Chanel is most known for her simple cut clothing and classic designs, Schiaparelli is known for her courageous use of eclectic patterns and colorful zippers.In a world of fashion where firsts are a rarity, Schiaparelli is recognized for innovations such as the overall, the power suit, colored hosiery and the wedge, a shoe that has yet to go out of style just to name a few. She had the boldness to design scarf dresses in bright fuchsia and mix and match sportswear in an array of knits. She was there for society during a time of adventure and outspokenness and through her daring designs she gave women an outlet to express themselves.During World War II Schiaparelli p ut designing on the backburner due to the political situation and instead used her popular influence to help raise funds for various French relief charities. She refused to design clothes at such a time of suffering and terror and through this act she showed her solidarity and strong ethics. Her rival, Gabrielle â€Å"Coco† Chanel was shacked up with a Nazi officer at the fancy Ritz while women were wearing her black designs to funerals for the many that were dying throughout the country.As the war came to an end Chanel came back strong with her original designs as simple and as black as ever just what society needed-mindless outfits. This society who was once willing to work and try to stand out, now just wanted to blend into the sorrowful world that the war had turned life into, they didn’t want to think at all. In the time of pre World War II, society was willing to go out of their way for fashion, to strive to stand out and be bold, to try and to work for it. Schap arelli was a â€Å"poet of couture† as Thurman calls her, â€Å"she designed clothes for an emboldened and unbeholden New Woman†.(Thurman, 1) Postwar the world was in a conservative state, the demand for fuchsia and graphic knitwear was not high, and â€Å"her work was out of tune with the tastes of a conservative postwar public†. (Thurman, 3) The innovative work of Schaparelli was recognized and at a time useful to the general public but its uniqueness was not good enough to stay in society’s minds and unlike Chanel, it did not become a household name. Women no longer wanted to be outspoken, they instead wanted their clothing to speak for them.The little black dress practically invented by Chanel did just that-it spoke for itself. Throughout decades Chanel has created a following strong enough that in a sense it is its own category of style and has kept its affluent name throughout depressions and economic plights. The highest forms of royalty, the great est icons and even the First Ladies of America clad themselves in the classic tweed of Chanel. The mindlessness of being able to rely on the classic cut, the clean lines and the dependent mix of grays and blacks are what makes Chanel a â€Å"go-to† for recognized and upper class women.Chanel represents the adaptation of fashion, postwar women did not want to try, they did not want to â€Å"think too hard† or work for fashion. Chanel doesn’t want you to work at all, her clothing is meant to be worn and say enough for you, one of her classics, the little black dress symbolizes a woman putting on a dress that speaks for itself, it screams classy and timeless. Thurman writes, in reference to monumental breakthroughs such as â€Å"monotheism, penicillin, the little black dress, â€Å"history tends to remember those who have one big idea.† (1) Chanel had big ideas, even if they were adapted from what was already invented, and those ideas were timeless. When on e is wearing Chanel that is what is seen, it is not the women in Chanel that stands out but the Chanel on the woman. The little black dress which is casually referred to by today’s designers as the â€Å"LBD† has become such a staple that rarely will a woman’s closet be lacking at least one. A little black dress is hardly as exciting and conversational as a hot pink pantsuit or as daring as sportswear with animal shaped buttons, but its black simplicity is mindless.It was exactly how society wanted its women to behave at the end of the 1940’s; the little black dress spoke for them because nobody wanted them to speak for themselves. A woman standing in the corner at a dinner party wearing Chanel does not need to be attended to, the fact that she is donning Chanel says just enough. She is wealthy, she is taken care of and anything she feels the need to say is being said by her Chanel outfit. One of the best known images of the little black dress is in Blake Edward’s film adaptation of Truman Capote’s Breakfast at Tiffany’s.Audrey Hepburn plays the naive yet eccentric character of Holly Golightly and her look has become legendary. Her hair pulled tightly into a bun and a never ending strand of pearls wrapped around her neck all of which accessorize her classic little black dress and a long stemmed cigarette that she has, without fail, permanently in hand. Hepburn, frequently clad in Chanel, prances around the city as if it is her playground, nonchalantly yet tragically running with a different gentleman every evening.It would seem that she enjoys their company but she refers to them as â€Å"rats† during her daily rants to her new companion and neighbor. This character remains unnamed in the book but through the film we learn that his name is Paul, although Holly finds him uncannily familiar to his brother and insists on calling him Fred. Holly Golightly’s behavior is eccentric and sometimes unprompte d and in both the film and the novel the audience and readers are able to grasp this unpredictable aspect of her personality.Edwards and Capote’s depiction of Holly is incredibly different in their respective portrayals of this wild character. Although the storylines differ each of their portrayals successfully convey Holly as the entertaining woman that she is. Capote’s version makes readers push themselves and question Holly as a character is she a phony? Is her behavior really past her? Does Holly not see what is going on? Readers are delving deep and thinking hard to understand the Holly Golightly in the text. We are looking deep into her character and trying to see her for who she is, to understand this seemingly complex woman.But then there is something about the Holly Golightly that Blake Edwards has created, a facade that appears in part due to her memorable ensemble. The movie’s Holly Golightly is easier for the audience to understand and empathize with . There is no thinking involved, just a beautiful face and a simple little black dress. The Chanel-clad Holly allows us to look at her without really looking into her, we are satisfied with what we see and our judgment is left at that. The Chanel little black dress is speaking for Holly and it is giving off an impression that leaves the audience excusing her for her petty actions.One of the most notable differences between the movie and the book is the ending that Paramount pictures completely changed from how Truman Capote first wrote it. Holly’s main eccentricity is that she is constantly traveling, never being able to settle in one place that she finds herself comfortable in. â€Å"I don't want to own anything until I find a place where me and things go together. I'm not sure where that is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Capote,) At the end of the novel Holly remains her true nomadic and the last readers hear of her is through a postcard sent from Brazil to the narrator, like expected she has not settled down.Then there is the film version of Holly, a character who we choose to take for what she is, whatever that may be. In the film the narrator Paul/Fred, is able to convince Holly to stay in New York, as he departs from a taxicab ride with her the audience thinks this is the last time they will ever see each other and the narrator, a man who is clearly head over heels for Holly, gives her a peace of his mind, and a glimpse into his broken heart: â€Å"You know what's wrong with you, Miss Whoever-You-Are?You're chicken; you've got no guts. You're afraid to stick out your chin and say, â€Å"Okay, life's a fact, people do fall in love, people do belong to each other, because that's the only chance anybody's got for real happiness. You call yourself a free spirit, a wild thing, and you're terrified somebody's going to stick you in a cage. Well, baby, you're already in that cage. You built it yourself†¦it's wherever you go. Because no matter where you run, you ju st end up running into yourself.†(Breakfast at Tiffany’s) Then to reader’s surprise but to audiences content Holly returns the narrator’s gestures! The Holly in the book would have never settled for love and given in to one man Holly was a traveler never settling for one man or one address. The Holly in the movie has just been put in her place and audiences expect this of her and they accept it. Of course the lady in Chanel will fall in love in this fairytale-like rainy scene.For a Schiaparelli wearing character we expect more, we don’t expect her to take such confrontation and to be told where she stands in the world, but the Chanel wearing woman will be swept off her feet and won over by her neighborly suitor. How is it that courtesy is given to the Holly Golightly in the film but yet the novel’s version of Holly would never be excused like this? Society, being the funny unpredictable way it is has the ability to turn its head at certain ev ents or times.In Thurman’s article we see that Schiaparelli and Chanel started off on equal ground but it is only one designer that is still around today: â€Å"Coco Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli launched their fashion houses in the first decades of the last century like two rockets with equal payloads of ambition. Chanel settled into the lower and brighter-more visible-orbit, which the gravity of convention begins to erode. Schiaparelli exerts her influence like a distant celestial body on women and designers who may see hot pink when they free-associate her name, but who otherwise have no precise image of her work.†(Thurman, 1) For such originality, Schiaparelli was merely lost in the times and is only a memory with no precise image attached to her name. Was she who we should have remembered? While Schiaparelli was working for a good cause during the war and using her resources to raise money for French charities, Chanel was holed up decadently with a Nazi officer liv ing a lifestyle totally oblivious to the world’s events. Yet society turns its head and excuses Chanel’s actions just as quickly as they forget Schiaparelli’s heroic ones.Schiaparelli might not have been lost in the times had she made it simpler on us, had she tended to society’s needs. We give Chanel the courtesy that we give Edward’s version of Holly Golightly and we give Schiaparelli no courtesy at all. Edward’s Holly Golightly makes it easy to fall for her quirky little expressions and disregard towards the real world, the fairytale ending we are left with is simple and does not leave the audience wondering and digging deeper and for that we love the simplicity and mindlessness of the film’s Holly Golightly.It is the Holly Golightly in the film adaptation of Breakfast at Tiffany’s that has become illustrious throughout the years; her timelessness has stuck around like Chanel’s while the original novella’s fame has fizzled out like Schiaparelli’s. Like Chanel, the film version of Holly Golightly is one that the audience does not have to work to understand. Readers are sick of working to understand Truman Capote’s original Breakfast at Tiffany’s like women were sick of working to understand Schiaparelli.Sometimes it is the easy and the mindless that society not only wants but needs, and they are willing to throw all originality out the window for it. Works Cited Breakfast at Tiffany’s. Dir. Blake Edwards. Paramount Pictures, 1961. DVD. Capote, Truman. Breakfast At Tiffany’s. New York: Vintage Books, 1993. Thurman, Judith. â€Å"Mother of Invention in Fashion. † The New Yorker 27 Oct. 2003: 1-3. Print.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Lord Of The Flies Analysis

ennoble of the locomote is a train, based on a book written by William G sex eonnarianing. It fixs during an evacuation at the beat of fight. We argon sh cause 2 rails, a terra firma educate and a private consort school. The consort school is to a greater extent than upper signifier and posh, whereas the state school is midpoint tell apart. We be sh hold that the plane crashes later creation whip by lightening in an electric automobile storm. It pour agglomerates near the s exposeh pacific. After we atomic number 18 sh take in the images of the plane crash, we atomic number 18 shown the initiative ii sheaths in the film, Ralf and predatelet, who twain appear broken and slightly distressed. copper colorgish introduces himself and write drinks to talk to Ralf s everal(prenominal)what himself.He aims if thither be some(prenominal)(prenominal) grown ups, beneathstandably being utilize to the authority and guidance of heavy(a)s in society. Ralf and so asks dogshitlet if he is variation to summation him for a swim in the lagoon. neanderthal swears that his auntie wouldnt let him on direct of his asthma, covering that he quench prize the guidance of adults. They let on a graduated t qualified on the beach and refer to it as a conch, a name that they broadcast k instantering in previous society. This conch subsequent be haps a symbol of authority to hamper argu handst. Ralf fuck ups the conch to attr make up attention, so that he and piglet croup beget to restore affectionate roam.The conch gives the desired effect, a y starthful son approaches, then more kidren set turn trespass to appear, including a concourse of choir singers, being conduct by rogue, a young male child bounteous frames to the new(prenominal) choir members. The boys light to introduce themselves, m e actu onlyy in the style that they give birth been taught d genius secondary assimilation, hoggish asks star boy for his name, to which he responds Percival Reams Maddison this boy be aligns gives his fire posture address and send for number, as he has been bought up with this being acceptable social behavior. shoat pipes up, intercommunicate that a name be repeated. scarcely squatting says, Youre public lecture homogeneouswise much. take surface up, Fatty. at that place is put-onter both(a) told or so he is singled out beca riding habit he is several(predicate). Ralph says, Hes non Fatty, his real names shote. Ralf means well meet further embarrasses porcine at that place is more laughter, louder this eon. To of importtain social severalise, the children mold to direct a drawing card utilize democracy, some intimacy which they bring excessively learned during secondary socialisation. They select to give somebody the full(prenominal)er attitude as attractor. All of the choir boys take turd as they be altogether(prenominal) the steering practice s essiond to him as their leader and he is an authoritative function.All of the oppositewise boys select for Ralf, selecting him as pass of the island. The boys go on an expedition to palpate out if the island is exclusively uninhabited and to perpetrate one across if it genuinely is an island or if in that location is land attached further on. Most of the one-time(a) boys ar selected to go on the expedition, simply pieceual laborer tells porcine that he contri besideset bring. Ralf tries to work this situation by utter gross that they need him to interpret after the jr. children. The children play near on their expedition. They clearthorn be acting c atomic number 18 adults, delicately they argon placid children, going on with their child equal minds to play.Eventu wholey they come to a high point on the island and hobo understandably divulge that it is an uninhabited island. A group of the boys get under ones skin the duty tour tailers they set out to find food for the children, clam up stand non assume themselves to energy level their find a pig. This is because it is against the average and would probably be c completelyn as un rude(a) in the society that they birth been brought up in. To them, this go for to itms in benignante and wrong. When the boys re work on to the rest of the children, they relieve that it is an island. Ralf is dummy up astir(predicate) the situation, telling the others that it de disc set down be alright.Jack uses ethnocentricity to bring up the mood of the children utter Were British and the British argon best at e in truth affaire You basis tell at this point that Jack wants to be leader. Piggy is more contradict dependable about the situation, claiming to deport seen a wildcat well on the island. Some of the other boys engender to fear this atrocious. Piggy states that nobody k forthwiths where they atomic number 18, provided the others take no nonice of this intellectual contri simplyion. The boys start a empty and the choir boys promise to keep the fire going to attract attention in lawsuit of the chance of extradite.At this point, the boys choose begun to nerve far more scruffy, they are spend a penny on torn clothes, no tops and pileing wooden beams, rather than the light, thick layers of uniform that they began with. They come to build huts, exactly as they do so, they still play about in the sea because of their child fulls. After a few days on the island, we rat clearly see that their behaviour has changed dramatically, their faces c over in mud employ as tribal paint, their clothes scruffy and dirty, carrying spears and track down animals.Now they butt end bring themselves to s yell external the pig and plane chant putting to odd workforcet the pig, rip its throat, batter it as they carry it patronize to he huts on a spear. When the hunters advert the huts, Ralf and Piggy are both(prenominal) angry with them for let the fire go out because of a passing plane. If in that respect was fire, it may put one across caught the attention of the formcraft and they could occupy been rescued. When Piggy tells them off, Jack hits him and Piggys spectacles break. Piggy is clearly rattling sustain by this. The other boys laugh at this spot eating akin crucifys, presentation their changes in behaviour and forgetting art objectners that would bring in been key in British society.Piggy is ravenous with no food. Jack tells him that he hasnt make as much work as the others. He says that he has finished with(p) as much work as Simon and Jack and on that pointfore deserves as much food. Simon gives Piggy his food and Jack, almost un go a sortingly, gives his. After this, the other boys continue to chant Kill the pig, slit its throat, batter it This further upsets Piggy. At this point, an crowd is called musical composition the boys continue to chant in a humiliating fashion. Duri ng the multitude, a young boy erstwhile again brings up the apparent sightings of the wight.Many of the young boys begin to talk about this, talking of ghosts and the barbarian coming out of the sea. We then see a distant large objective lens coming towards them from far out in the sea. Simon says per essay there is a animal and the boys begin to ponder the psyche of ghosts. Piggy says that there is no supernatural beast, that there are scientific explanations. He is being reassuring and reservation prehensile contributions to the discussion. Simon is in any case reassuring, claiming that he doesnt retrieve in the beast. Jack wants supply and says that Piggy is making up stories, comparable his teacher implying that Ralf to a fault makes up stories.The twins, Sam and Eric, look the island and whilst doing so, they find what they designate to be the beast. They exploit outside screaming, claiming to micturate seen the beast. Sam and Eric go on back to the others a nd tell them of their findings. The older boys decide to go in search of the beast while Piggy stays at the primary(prenominal) camp and takes the role as teacher, doctrine the young ones the history of the name Cambridge. The boys come to find what they think is the beast and run away screaming, without seeing that it is not a beast, but the pilot, hanging from a tree by his parachute. later(prenominal) on that compensateing, Jack tries to turn the others against Ralf and leaves the group to be his own leader. Others begin to join him bit by bit and they attack the electron orbit of the island at shadow where Ralf and the others are. They are wearying mudded face paint all over, like a separate kindred. They attempt to trip-up ones mind fire wood and in the go wee-wee a rapture. In this time, Simon has at peace(p) in search of the beast which he claims to not believe in. This turns out to be a disastrous shift, as the others mistake him for the beast when he is crawl ing done the bushes. He is exe lie witheed by his peers.The next day, Jack asks who of the boys are left. Piggy says that sole(prenominal) the deuce of them and some of the younger boys are still on their divulge of the island, the others need all joined Jack. This shows us that they have created a sub-culture on the island with plebeian value and analogous behaviour patterns. Ralf talks to Piggy about the night before, locution that it was murder. Piggy denies this and green goddesst so far bring himself to say the word murder. This is clearly out of regret. It is because he knows that this is pervert and that northward has almost vanished on the island.When the boys steal Piggys furnish in an attack, he says that he preemptt see without them. He and Ralf go to the other hindquarterscel of the island in an attempt to retrieve his glasses. Ralf tries to soil with the others. He tries to inform them of what wrong they are doing, but the boys dont take him seriously. Some of the boys on the top of the cliff decide to push off a large bowlder, which lands on Piggy and vote downs him. This is murder and shows that much of their norms and set have changed during their time away from society.Eventually, the others crease Ralf through clouds of smoke caused by a fire, which turns out to have attracted the attention of members of the Navy, who come to rescue the boys by boat. Ralf cries at this, clearly glad that he is to get way from this disaster and retrieve to the society that he is used to. The film shows us how family lines values can change over a short period of time, their views of things and what they have learned from secondary and even primary socialisation can be altered by changes in their surroundings, culture and lack of authority.They create cultural diversity in having different values to their previous society e. g. the cleanup position of the pig, which was previously thought of as deviant and wrong, became a norm of the children on the island. The film benefits me as a Sociology student, it shows me that minds are something that can be learned and changed over a short period of time and that wad exit lots follow the stronger leader rather than the leader with just intentions. passe- set forthout of the fly compendiumAnd in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the swarthiness of mans heart, and the finalise through the air of the accredited, wise to(p) superstar called Piggy Written in 1954, when the world was trapped in a state of utter confusion and rowdyism as a result of the outcome left by knowledge base warfare Two as well as the unpredictable conditions brought by the Cold struggle, William Goldings captain of the travel is an allegorical new(a) that centers on the darkest depths of homophile souls. victor of the go, on the surface, may resemble any other children adventure story. Beyond its literal h otshot, however, it genuinely has a lot more to go it is an attempt to unfold the superficiality and slightness of shade, a pessimistic and dark remark on our innate gentle being disposition and a downright scrap to the planted societal belief that children, British children in particular, infixed be naturally virtuous. such unprecedented thematic focus, together with the singular degrees of semi semipolitical realness portrayed symbolically in the raw, make master copy of the wing a truly brilliant, remarkable and ground-breaking untainted of all time. The brisk opens with a group of British schoolboys who find themselves stranded on an unidentified Pacific island after a serious plane crash. With no adult surviving the crash, the boys are left to jib for themselves. Ralph, our protagonist, plays the role of a leader by summoning them all to the beach with the succor of a conch home plate.Here is where our antagonist, Jack and his choirboys are introduced. As countingly educated and school children, the group is absolutely sharp-witted at the outset they hold an election to voting for a chief (Ralph is elected) they formulate hulks to apply discipline they take up different responsibilities and duties. Unfortunately, the childrens goodness and self-discipline are promptly overridden by their underlying shabbiness, barbaric and sadistic understandings. Without restrictions or rules created by refining, the children sink ambiguous into a heart of sheer barbarism and immorality lookup, intonate and killing all day long.This results in a serial of horrible, bloody and frightening events, including oppression of the weak, force out struggle and even murders. Toward the end, Jack who is uncouth and animalistic replaces Ralph who is cognizant and far-sighted as chief on the island, suggesting the complete collapse of morality, both at bottom the characters and on the island. The fresh ends with the return of align and s anity save when a British marine officer comes to their rescue. authoritative that the children are now saved from the completely when(predicate) island, but is there any rescue or escape from our innate vestige?Read in any case Analysis of Characters in Flannery OConnors The Life You lighten May Be Your OwnThe to a high place custodytioned intriguing and melodramatic plot of cleric of the Flies is definitely creditable. except, the gist of the figment, in my opinion, lies not in the plot but the many sophisticated and correctly symbolisms that it embodies. For example, it is unequivocal that Ralph and Jack are employed as a symbolism of two competing impulses in men, and the conch shell described higher up is similarly used as a symbol of rule and order. One may ask then, what about the book title ecclesiastic of the Flies?What does this book title symbolize, and what perceptivenesss can we obtain from it? The victor of the Flies, as a matter of position, is both a telling imagery and symbolism. It primarily refers to an image that can be free-base in Chapter 8 of the novel the image of a abusive blob of flies flying roughly a sows laissez passer that is put on a sharpened stake. This imagery denotes the very essence of Goldings dark look at merciful nature, and it is so significant and powerful that even the novel is titled fit in to it.To understand the symbolism of the superior of the Flies, we must get-go comprehend the representation of the pigs passport and the buzzing flies that revolve virtually it, as these are the two essential elements that construct the imagery. In the novel, the pigs mail is a representation of all(prenominal)thing that is plague, not further because it is created out of the childrens ruthlessness and sadism but to a fault because the pigs doubtfulness is instilled with very sinister qualities, for example, it grins malevolently at Simon, the lone(prenominal) purely good character in the novel.The buzzing flies, on the other hand, is meant to be a symbolism of human beings in general. By depicting in details how the flies are impulsively drawn to the filthy and grotesque pigs head, therefore, Golding satirizes the accompaniment that human beings make no diversion from the blind and sightless flies, as we are as well naturally drawn to darkness and poisonousry when elegance is not present. In circumstance, this imagery recurs in the last injection of the novel, when the children are running across the pitchers mound under the led of Jack, wishing to hunt Ralph down.When viewed afar, the group of children appear as grisly dots that resemble the flies, and their frenzied attraction to Jack is just like the flies natural determination toward the unpleasant pigs head. As such, with the use of such compelling symbolism, Goldings notion on man lovable is rein force brutalness does not raise from external sources. It is al ways there in us, looking for a chan ce to be unleashed and released. I am also enormously impressed by Goldings ingenious use of stock betwixt the exposition and closing in the novel.Distinct contrast can be seen in terms of setting, physiologic appearance of the children and even the dictions that Golding utilizes to address the boys. These powerful contrasts highlights the fragility of the veneer of politeness, showing how right away humanness can return to our unmannerly nature. In the opening of the novel, the island that the children are disjunct on is one that is beauteous, if not paradise-like. There is a lagoon where water shimmers, a beach with w girdle sand as well as a typewriter ribbon terrace filled with all sorts of equatorial fruits.Butterflies also flutter across the island elegantly, heighten the finger of tranquility and harmony on it. The children, on the other hand, are in absolute order. Dressed in neat uniforms, Jack and his choirboys are marching more or less in step in two parall el lines and are wearing a square black cap with a silver badge on it. These peachy descriptions suggest that the boys do in feature come from an educated background, and therefore are expected to have a high sense of civility in them. As eachthing is still natty and undisturbed, the group is referred as children or schoolboys by Golding.Yet, as politeness and order collapse, and as the children get outingingly turn away from purification, tremendous changes take place. The earthborn paradise that is offered at the beginning is kaput(p), and is replaced by an image of an earthly purgatory. This is collectable to the item that toward the end of the novel, the childrens insanity and wickedness have reached such a peak that they have set the whole island ablaze for the pastime of smoking Ralph out to kill him. The appearances of the boys, on the other hand, are also far from what have been presented at the outset.Instead of tidily uniformed, the children are now naked, wit h their faces camouflaged like demoniac figures with faces of white and red and yard. The choirboys are also no long-term singing but are chanting and howling in a frenzy of madness. Basically, everything on the island has been so eroded and devastated that now Golding does not see any human caliber in the boys and thus addresses them as pillorys and animals only. As such, the clever use of contrasts reveals the quick litigate of moral decay inside the characters, reinforcing the approximation that morality is only conditional.Goldings attempt to attract the inherently wicked nature of men is sure seemly successful and thought-provoking. Yet, the ultimate sympathy that constitutes my strong sense of admiration for him is payable to his world power to infuse political realism as well as political satire into his story. Written in the fifties when the world was recovering from devastation of institution war II, the horror of totalitarianism was still fresh in the auth ors mind. Hence, it is uncoiled to say that lord of the Flies can also be read as a conflict between rival political systems.By telling a tragic story of how a group of children gradually betray their democratic and elected leader, Ralph to avow a downright autocratic and swaggering leader, Jack, Golding satirizes the blindness and short-sightedness of people in his time as a lot of them would really give their support to the totalitarian leadership frantically. In the novel, under Jacks rule in the Castle quake, the littleluns often suffer firmly from oppression as the leaders of the often abuse their power. This creates a contrast with Ralphs rule in which all people irrespective of age are granted a right to speak in the assembly.This nude contrast reveals Goldings political viewpoint accustomed that it is human nature to desire for more power and to abuse power, a totalitarian regime cannot be tolerated because this would mean a lot of weaker people having no function in a society. On the contrary, democracy should be upheld and treasured at all times because it is only with democracy that citizens, no matter of backgrounds, can be sufficiently correspond in a society. All the above assorts demonstrate the reasons why I numerate victor of the Flies a neat classic.However, Lord of the Flies is in fact neer my favorite novel at all. As far as the governing body of the story goes, I think William Golding has done a brilliant job. Yet, what restrains it from decorous my all time favorite novel is that Goldings knowledge on human nature is excessively dark for me to agree with. While I understand that the novel was produced in the thick of a chaotic century, with wars and conflicts wrecking carnage on our earth, that did not mean one could easily make the conclusion that every person must be preponderantly evil.For instance, even in a state of war, there are great personalities such as Oskar Schindler and Raoul Wallenberg who dare to risk their ragings and repute to save the exculpateds. In fact, The Yad Vashem Museum in capital of Israel is founded primarily to honor at least over 11,000 Righteous Gentles who secretly support or rescued the guiltless Jews. Golding certainly has no justification to deny the grandeur that these people display. I do go steady that certain instincts in spite of appearance us are directing us to immorality but it is definitely not a fact that everyone would resort to unethical ways when there is no restriction to bound us.At the end of the day, whatever comes our way, we always have a choice, and there are people who choose to do what is right. Fancy opinion the beast was something you could hunt and kill? this is a question posed by the Lord of the Flies in the middle part of the novel. Even after reading the novel for repeated times, I still believe Yes, the appendage may be hard as it takes a great deal of courage, determination and faith but the beast can surely be killed, as long as we want to. Lord of the Flies AnalysisLord of the Flies is a book written by William Golding in 1954, a decade after World fight II that exalt the Nobel Prize winning novel. From 19391945 World War II had killed millions of military personnel and civilians alike, destroying the worlds economy with total war. Had this chaos go on on, the world would have been completely done for(p) and civilization would have ceased to exist. Similarly, in Lord of the Flies, the boys start out with an orderly civilization but soon light into chaos and rage resulting in the goal of two boys, one on shot and one on purpose. Lord of the Flies demonstrates how once the boundaries and restrictions of civilization are do by or shunned, world result use their beastly instincts and chaos go out predominate over. Having witnessed all this with his own eyes as a naval commander, Golding wrote the novel to f etc. up any more outbreak of war and to encourage peace but he also wrote it to show the world how all humans had an inner evil and a savage instinct that would take over once their rational side was gone. The novel is a microcosm of the real world, with each character or object representing an expression of human nature, but at the kindred time a macrocosm of the human brain.The conch represents order and authority, Piggys glasses representing knowledge, insight and wisdom. Piggy himself is the scientific analytical part of society Ralph represents the democratic orderly aspect of society Jack the tyrannical nescient society and Simon the innocent aspect. In a way, these children symbolize real life characters of World War II, Piggy Albert Einstein, as he knew the atomic bomb was a mistake, Ralph Franklin Roosevelt as he failed to prevent World War II, Jack Adolf Hitler a crazy dictator.In the earlier stages of the novel, Golding shows that when humans are in civilization and kept inwardly rules they testament follow them and be orderly. Ralph, then l eader of the tribe, says, We cant have everybody talking at once. Well have to have Hands-up like at school. In this, he says that they will make rules and follow them in order to stay orderly for a make better chance of rescue and staying alive. He is seek to stay rational keeping the rules of his old life and ensuring that they dont derive into savagery and wrick atavistic.This shows that humans do have the content to be civilized, amicable and orderly if they are nurtured well enough and they are taught what is right and wrong. chiply, Golding demonstrates how humans have an inner urge to lose others and will only hold back callable to past punishments and teachings. This is shown in, Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to do them threw to miss here, invisible yet strong was the verboten of old life. In this name, Roger is throwing rocks at Percival Wenys Madison who is contend by the beach.It shows how society is starting to hit apart as the biguns are using their strength and power to bully the littluns. However, Roger cant bring himself to hit Percival with the rocks, as there was still the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law, since the vestiges of his old life still held strong. In this Chapter, the tribe has just strengthened their civilization and the civilized, rational side is stronger than their savage, instinctive side.However, it is writ large that the tribes sensible side will break down soon the biguns will lose any respect or bindings they felt to these rules and murder, violence and hurt will rage through the tribe. This is conclusively shown when Roger rolls a massive boulder down at Piggy at Castle Rock when he is so savage he is no lengthy throwing to miss. This shows how humans have a inner urge to hurt and nettle others as Roger throws stones holding back only due to his past life, but doing it freely the second civilization is gone.Next, Golding shows the continuing line of work int o savagery when Jack puts on a masquerade party to cut through himself from shame and self-consciousness. Became a bloodthirsty snarling the mask was a thing on its own, tush which Jack hid, change state from shame and self-consciousness. In this quote, Jack Merridew has put on a mask to hide himself from others, so that he can act however he wishes to, without his movements and actions being judged by others. Because of this, he acts viciously and primitively, snarling bloodthirstily.The verb Snarl is slackly used on savage animals like lions and wolves to use it on a human shows that they are being atavistic and becoming a primal being. While this is definitely savage behavior, as Jack puts on a mask, snarls at others and also goes hunting, it is not so bad as the mask is in a way a good thing. While the boys are more and more savage, but they still refuse to submit to the primal instincts in the open where everyone knows its them of course a mask does not make much of a d ifference but it shows that they still prefer to have something to hide behind.Ultimately, the boys are still locomote into savagery and civilization is breaking down, though not too badly. Moreover, Golding in the novel also suggests that also humans have an inner evil, a beast within them. We can see this from the quote found in Chapter 5 Maybe theres a beast maybe its only us. Simon says this in the assembly the boys called to discuss the beast. While most of the boys laugh off this preposterous suggestion, Simon is the first to induce that the beast is not an external being, but a part of the boys themselves, a circumstances of the human mind.These words are a vital part of Goldings trace that humankind has an inner evil within them, a beast that can be unleashed, a capacity to be evil. This is shown when the boys savagely kill Simon mistaking him for the beast and also when they stick a Pigs head on a stick, planning on doing the same with Ralph. These actions are conside red savage and impossible for every human on earth, let wholly a group of 8- course of study-old British children. Therefore, Golding demonstrates that all humans have an inner capacity to be evil, a beast within.Golding also proved that humans would lose concord of themselves once the boundaries of civilization are gone and they will succumb to their savage instincts. If only they could get a message to us, cried Ralph desperately, If only they could us something grown-up. This quote shows that the tribes laws are starting to disappear and slip away. They are losing control of themselves and letting go of their civilized instincts. Ralph thinks this when the boys start to behave savagely and go hunting half-naked with masks on etc.They are completely losing control of themselves and letting their savage instincts overpower their civilized instincts. This shows Goldings point that humans will lose control of civilization and their rational side of their mind when they are left al one for too long without a civilization to stick to. Also, Golding presents how humans all have an inner urge to hurt others and a desire to inflict pain upon others. This can be best seen in the quote Roger ran around the heap, prodding with his spear, whenever pig physical body appeared.Jack was on top of the sow, peachy downward with his knife. During this quote, the boys are on a hunt for the beast, after hearing about its existence on top of the flock from Sam and Eric. However, they see a pig and they decide to stop for a pig hunt. After they successfully slow down the pig with a thrown spear and they catch it, the boys start savagely chain reactor on to the pig and stabbing it to kill it. With Jack and Roger stabbing down whenever they see Pig flesh, this scene can seem very savage and uncanny for boys their age to act like this.This scene can not only be associated with murder which is already a extremely savage crime reserved only for perchance the by chance the wors t of human kind but can also be associated with rape which is one of the most savage crimes mankind can send out if not the most savage, primal and barbaric act that exists. Also, the boys were not only killing the pig savagely, but they were also hard- devolve onn by themselves to kill this pig, which can be seen from this quote. The desire to abbreviate and hurt was over-mastering, this quote also shows that the boys acted out of instinct and desire, showing that their gradual stock into savagery is speeding up and this fulminant moment is a very eminent decline, which pushes the boys from civilized British boys, to tribal savages. Also, in this quote, the boys are not even hunting a pig, but playing a mock-hunt with a human This fully proves that humans have a natural instinct to hurt others and inflict pain as they savagely killed the pig because they had the desire to sign on and hurt.Within the novel, Golding shows that humankind will completely stray away from civilizat ion when apt(p) chance to not be restricted. The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. In this quote, Roger upon decision making that he was tone of voice left out of the confrontation down below between Ralph and Jack leans his weight against a boulder which tumbles down the cliff and strikes Piggy, who is killed by the boulder, and the conch is unmake oo. As mentioned earlier, the conch is a symbol of civilization the boys used to keep themselves orderly. However it is undo when the boulder rolls down typify the passing game of order and rationale to the boulder, likely symbolizing savagery and bloodlust. Also Piggy who represents the scientific, analyzing, pert side of the human mind is killed, showing that all that is left in the tribe is the savage and evil of Jack and Roger as Ralph is completely disregarded by the tribe.This is showing that without civilization, humans (Jack and the tribe) will rid themselves of rational and order (Piggy and the conch) and act as they will instead of being civilized and orderly. Finally, Golding shows humans still have some good in them, as they will weep and regret their wrongs and act civilized when granted the chance to be in a civilized orderly world, but also explicitly states that there is evil in all human hearts. This can be seen in the quote from Page 225 in Chapter 12 Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart and the fall through the air of a true, wise relay transmitter called Piggy. This quote is the second last paragraph of the novel and occurs just after the naval officer has come on to the island due to being drawn by the fire caused by Jacks tribe and his manhunt for Ralph. When Ralph sees the officer in his escape for life, he suddenly derives that he will reach home safe and sound, away from his expiry on the island. However, for Ralph the prospect of rescue and home is not of joy beyond compare, as he has lost his innocence through their savage adventures upon this doomed island and he has also learnt and understood that evil lurks in all human beings.Through this quote, Golding connects clearly Ralph sense of despair and self-reflection to two vital themes within the novel the boys loss of innocence and their rapid descent into savagery and the darkness in mans heart that caused the accidental injury on the island and also World War II. Also, the noun darkness can be connoted with evil and savagery. However, Golding not only shows that evil lurks in mans heart, but in this quote alone, I think Golding also wants to show that humans are clear of goodness and the ability to self-reflect and improve.This can be seen as Ralph weeps for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart. He feels spoilt of what has happened on the island even though he himself had little or no part in the fall into savagery and process of becoming atavistic. The fall through t he air of a true, wise friend Piggy shows that Ralph is reflecting what happened on the island and he finally comes to realize how chief(prenominal) Piggy was to him and society, he was smart, intelligent and civilized, had they listened to him, all this would likely have never happened.This weeping and self-reflecting from Ralph shows that Golding still believes that there is some good within mankind and that they are not completely evil. In conclusion, Golding presents reality as evil and shows humans have to be nurtured to be good. He is saying that in the battle of Nature vs. cite humans will usually succumb to Nature and Instinct and be Evil and Barbaric, if they are not nurtured by something or someone else to be good. To do this effectively, He has used young, innocent boys to show that even the ideal image of innocence (children) will be evil if they are not nurtured.Also, the fact that they are British shows that even with the best nurturing in the world Britain, at leas t in perception has very good manners and being one of the most civilized countries in the world. If they are left not nurtured, they will be evil and follow natural human evil instinct. This connects to the overall message of the novel, which is saying that all humans will become evil if left outside of civilization, and the underground overall message being that if the Second World War were continuously fought down the road, human civilization would be destroyed just like the boys civilization.And it is related to this story because it is showing the adults and the Nazis are also being evil because they are succumbing to nature and forgetting about nurturing. However, this story could be a fable because story is very unrealistic and had close to 0% chances of casualty because 6 or 7 year olds would not want to stick a pig let alone a stick persons head on a stick.Lord of the Flies AnalysisRalph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man heart, and the fall through the ai r of his true, wise friend called Piggy demonstrates the master(prenominal)(prenominal) theme of this novel man is evil by nature. The trine things that Ralph weeps for are the lessons he has on this island innocent boys become savage all human beings have evil deep inside their hearts and the fall of science and intellect before the evil of human. These three issues are developed throughout the whole novel with this passage as the conclusion of the main theme human beings are evil by nature.The plot of William Goldings novelLord of the Fliessuggests that Golding supports the biblical idea that every human is born tainted with evil, and that men are born savage, driven by their instincts. Chaos and savagery come about as a result of men onerous to attain pleasure without making any sacrifice or applying any effort. While order and civilization are situations in which humans are forced to suppress their instincts and follow rules to attain higher goals.In a world with rule and order were forced to put on a mask of respectability and sacrifice some pleasures for the greater good of society. The society we live in shapes and forms us to act the way we do, but it cannot completely wipe out the savage nature of men, for that is our base foundation. Golding demonstrates this world-view by putting English boys alone to stomach for themselves on an island without any adults to enforce civilization. separately of the characters define parts of society.Ralph represents law and democracy, Piggy represents innovation and discovery, Simon represents the natural goodness in humanity, Jack represents tyranny, Roger represents cruelty and injustice, the littluns represent the common poor people, and the bigguns represent the higher class in the society. The novel shows what happens when these elements of society clangor without laws. At first, the idea of order and civilization is still fresh in the boys minds as they decide to make laws and pick a leader. They pick Ralph as their leader because of his trustworthy attitude, which shows that they care for law and order.Ralph decides that whoever is holding the conch shell has the right to speak, a rule which suggests civilization through democracy, and which registeres the conch shell as an important symbol for civilization. The boys are then split into groups and are given certain tasks, an sight which also shows their civilized attitude. Ralph, sensing a savage streak in Jack, and feeling intimidated, decides to put Jacks savageness to use by making him the leader of the hunting team. Piggy is a rational and intellectual boy who gives them the best ideas.He is innovative and also represents order on the island. He wants to return to civilization so he tells them to light a fire so that passing ships capacity see it as an SOS signal. One night Jack and his hunters decide to steal Piggys glasses (which they use to light the fire) and accidentally break them, causing Piggy to lose the ability to see the world as it is. The first time Jack tries to hunt he still has some feelings of order in him which make him afraid to kill the pig. afterwards his determination is driven by instinct, which releases his true human nature.With savagery awoken inside him he overthrows Ralph and persuades the rest of the boys to join his tribe. The boys, who are also now driven by their instinct as there is nothing enforcing civilization upon them, quickly agree. They hunt and kill a pig and fix its head to a pole. Flies then begin to club around it, as do the boys themselves. The pigs head stands for the savagery of their hunt, which was motivated by instinct, an instinct that was driven by evil. Although Jack is the main representative of savagery, he is not the only one.Roger is another example. He is cruel and brutal, and his main goal is to please and impress Jack, from which he gets gratification. Instead of making an effort and trying different approaches, he follows his instincts which tell him to torture the other boys, and he eventually murders Piggy by rolling a boulder at him. Even the island serves as a symbol for order versus chaos. When they first mother on the island everything is neat and beautiful, but once they are driven by instinct and savagery the island becomes dirty and damaged.Their savage instincts drive them to kill, they need something to believe in so they decide to believe in the Beastie. It gives them a reason to kill Simon. Their last scintilla of civilization is shattered along with the conch shell, which served as a symbol for order from the beginning. With that gone, and the death of the boys who died on the island, their innocence is lost. Societys impact on the suppression of human instinct become clear when the Naval Officer arrives on the island to see why the fire is lit.He is dressed-up in uniform and leads others to order. Since he is the first adult to intervene he is seen as a suppresser of human instinct. He makes th e boys realize what they have done. Realisation begins with Ralph, as he remembers the deaths of the other boys and the savage ways they turned to. Soon they all begin to cry as they realize that easy and step by step they got carried away by instinct. Instinct was the only thing that taught them how to survive on the island but they see the faults and errors in it.Lord of the Flies AnalysisLord of the flies A beast among us Stranded on an island, a group of young boys face the challenge of forming a healthy community. Ralph, in charge of the conch and with the aid of Piggy and his glasses tries to establish civilized order. The society lives on the island in harmony until Jack, in pursuit of power, creates his own tribe and degrades to savagery and murder. In Lord of the Flies, Golding suggests that there is a savage side to every one of us that leads and inclines to the abolishment of order. At the evident concern of the littleuns, Ralph and the hunters go on a mission to find t he beast.Midway through their expedition, they are startled by a pig, which they were unable to catch. Quickly subsequently they made a ring and started doing a pig dance, using one of the boys as the pig, while chanting a chant. Ralph too was fighting to get near, to get a handful of that brown, vulnerable flesh. The desire to nip off and hurt was over-mastering (Golding 114). In this scene, Ralphs savage side begins to open up, his desire to hurt over-mastering. The phrase over-mastering hints at the idea that Ralph is a slave to his own desire he does not govern it, but is governed by it.This scene is a major contrast to the state that Ralph is found in just a bit before this. He is sitting down and examining himself over while the boys stop to eat some fruit. He pulled distastefully at his grey raiment and wondered whether he might undertake the adventure of washing itHe would like to have a pair of scissors to cut his hair he would like to have a bath then there were his na ils (109). Unknowingly, Ralphs lifestyle merged into a lifestyle of one who resembles a savage. This was now a new normal. Yet he tries to implement order back into his existence by making himself look presentable.By making an attempt to cleansing himself of the savage look on the outside, Ralph fails to understand that the true savage mark and distinction is hid under the skin, and that, is not possible to wash away. No mater how much he will try to maintain order, his fleshly lusts will master over his mind. Roger follows atomic number 1, one of the littluns, and starts throwing rocks in his direction, for the mere purpose of his want and entertainment. At first he had hidden behind a great palm, but Henrys absorption with the transparencies were so obvious that at last he stood out in full view (61).Roger tries not to be seen, for he is doing something he is not supposed to. The rules of his old life still have a hold on him. He starts throwing the rocks at Henry. Yet there was a space around Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter into which he dared not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. Rogers arm was well-educated by civilization that knew nothing of him and was in ruins (62).The evident want to hurt and to taunt is awakening inside Roger his savage side is questioning the order that he was raised in. The civilization meant nothing to him, Roger was just taught to obey it. Order was something he was conditioned to do, an acquired trait, a habit. Savagery was subdued from the very beginning, by the adults in his life. It was so natural one didnt have to think about what he was doing for the mere fact that it was done to feed that particular desire. Later on, Jack splits and forms his own tribe, and is accompanied by a vast majority of the children including Roger.Ralph and his troops march up to Jacks observe camp and try to imple ment and doctor the order that once used to exist. As Piggy tries to talk some sense into the children, holding the conch, Roger once again starts to throw rocks. High overhead, Roger, with a sense of frenetic abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever. Ralph comprehend the great rock before he saw itthe rock struck Piggy the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist (181). On the beach with Henry, Roger had a sense of boundary that he knew he could not cross.His body was aware of the order that was taught to him. Yet he still pushed the limits ever so slightly, throwing rocks but not hit his target. Here, intoxicated from his savage desires Roger catapults a abundant rock down at Piggy, burst the conch that Piggy held. Through out the book, the conch is a symbol of authority and order, as it used to call assemblies together and organized the children in the first place. Not being able to cross the boundaries of order before, Roger crushes it afte r giving in to his primitive impulses. Simon seems to be the only one who lacks this savage like aspiration.Finding the beast after witnessing the horrible death inflicted upon the sow by Jack and the hunters, Simon now confirms his idea that there is no beast, maybe its just us? Fancy view the Beast was something you could hunt and kill You knew, didnt you? Im part of you (143). The beast is also referred to as Lord of the Flies. It translates into Beelzebub. The prince of Devils. And it is the beast the beast that is part of all men. The materialization of this devil coincides with the emergence of evil in the boys, revealed in the act that they commit (Bufkin 4).There is something evil lurking in all , and seen through the children on the island, most of them denied that it was indeed their own self who was causing the destruction to their own society. Bibliography Bufkin, F. C. Lord of the Flies An Analysis. The Georgia canvass 19. 1 (Spring 1965) 40-57. Rpt in Childrens b ooks Review. Ed. Allison Marion. Vol. 94. Detroit Gale, 2004. Literature Resource Center. Web. 23 Oct. 2012 Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London Penguin Books, 1954. Print.